COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Participants and Sampling Method
2.3. Sample Size Determination
2.4. Data Collection Tools
2.5. Measures/Variables
2.6. Statistical Analysis and Management Tools
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Characteristics | No. Participants | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 651 | 50.8 |
Female | 630 | 49.2 |
Age of respondents | ||
25 and below | 608 | 47.5 |
26–35 years | 537 | 41.9 |
36–45 years | 97 | 7.9 |
46 and above | 39 | 3 |
Educational level | ||
Certificate | 68 | 5.3 |
Diploma | 147 | 11.5 |
Bachelor | 950 | 74.2 |
Postgraduate | 116 | 9.1 |
Health Specialties | ||
Nursing | 398 | 31.1 |
Midwifery | 154 | 12 |
Lab technicians | 141 | 11 |
Medical doctor | 265 | 20.7 |
Public health official | 159 | 12.4 |
Dentist | 13 | 1 |
Pharmacist | 33 | 2.6 |
Community health worker | 42 | 3.3 |
Clinical officer | 12 | 0.9 |
Nutritionist | 15 | 1.2 |
Other | 49 | 3.8 |
Province/Geographical area | ||
Benadir region | 294 | 23 |
Hirshabele state | 212 | 16.5 |
Puntland state | 142 | 11.1 |
Galmudug state | 59 | 4.6 |
Jubaland state | 164 | 12.8 |
Southwest state | 180 | 14.1 |
Somaliland | 230 | 18 |
Variable | No. Participants | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Does your hospital/health centre offer COVID-19 treatment/care? | ||
Yes | 437 | 34.1 |
No | 844 | 65.9 |
Is the COVID-19 vaccine available at your facility? | ||
Yes | 358 | 27.9 |
No | 923 | 72.1 |
What is the level of your centre? | ||
Tertiary level | 137 | 10.7 |
Secondary level | 689 | 53.5 |
Primary level | 455 | 35.5 |
Is it mandatory for any medical staff to take the COVID-19 vaccine in your health facility? | ||
Yes | 819 | 63.9 |
No | 462 | 36.1 |
Have you checked your COVID-19 Status? | ||
Yes | 790 | 61.7 |
No | 491 | 38.3 |
If YES, what was the test result? | ||
Positive | 179 | 14 |
Negative | 611 | 47.7 |
NA | 491 | 38.3 |
Have you taken COVID-19 Vaccines? | ||
Yes | 623 | 48.6 |
No | 658 | 51.4 |
If YES, what was the type of vaccine? | ||
Oxford-AstraZeneca | 523 | 40.8 |
Moderna | 6 | 0.5 |
Johnson & Johnson | 86 | 6.7 |
I can’t recall | 8 | 0.6 |
NA | 658 | 51.4 |
If YES, how many doses have you taken? | ||
1 dose | 230 | 18 |
2 doses | 393 | 30.6 |
NA | 658 | 51.4 |
Variable | No. Participants | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Hypertension status | ||
Yes | 57 | 4.4 |
No | 1224 | 95.6 |
Diabetes status | ||
Yes | 63 | 4.9 |
No | 1218 | 95.1 |
Asthma status | ||
Yes | 86 | 6.7 |
No | 1195 | 93.3 |
Cardiovascular disease status | ||
Yes | 41 | 3.2 |
No | 1240 | 96.8 |
Demographic Characteristics | Partially Vaccinated | Fully Vaccinated | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 1.7 | 1.152–2.374 | 0.006 * | 2.2 | 1.703–2.751 | 0.001 * |
Female | Ref | Ref | ||||
Age of respondents | ||||||
25 and below | Ref | Ref | ||||
26–35 years | 0.9 | 0.606–1.341 | 0.901 | 0.9 | 0.606–1.341 | 0.901 |
36–45 years | 2.4 | 1.285–4.4428 | 0.006 * | 2.4 | 1.285–4.4428 | 0.006 * |
46 and above | 1.7 | 0.595–4.875 | 0.321 | 1.7 | 0.595–4.875 | 0.321 |
Geographical region | ||||||
Southwest | Ref | Ref | ||||
Benadir | 1.9 | 0.998–3.976 | 0.051 | 1.8 | 1.158–2.902 | 0.010 * |
Galmudug | 4.1 | 1.822–9.273 | 0.001 * | 3.9 | 2.267–7.038 | 0.001 * |
Hirshabelle | 4.8 | 2.186–10.664 | 0.0001 * | 4.1 | 2.356–7.242 | 0.001 * |
Jubaland | 1.6 | 0.687–3.936 | 0.264 | 3.1 | 1.831–5.301 | 0.001 * |
Puntland | 1.1 | 0.420–3.104 | 0.796 | 4 | 2.377–6.949 | 0.001 * |
Somaliland | 2.1 | 0.945–4.568 | 0.069 | 3.1 | 1.887–5.171 | 0.001 * |
Educational level | ||||||
Certificate | Ref | Ref | ||||
Diploma | 1.8 | 0.638–5.309 | 0.259 | 1.4 | 0.738–2.781 | 0.288 |
Bachelor | 2.1 | 0.842–5.576 | 0.109 | 1.9 | 1.110–3.490 | 0.021 * |
Postgraduate | 1.9 | 0.612–0.6355 | 0.256 | 4.1 | 2.125–8.252 | 0.001 * |
Health Specialties | ||||||
Midwifery | Ref | Ref | ||||
Nursing | 1.8 | 1.003–3.359 | 0.049 * | 1.6 | 1.070–2.467 | 0.023 * |
Lab technician | 1.3 | 0.596–2.706 | 0.536 | 1.5 | 0.888–2.441 | 0.134 |
Medical doctor | 1.2 | 0.602–2.331 | 0.625 | 1.8 | 1.174–2.826 | 0.007 * |
Public health | 1.04 | 0.479–2.265 | 0.919 | 1.7 | 1.099–2.898 | 0.019 * |
Dentist | 0.6 | 0.070–4.909 | 0.623 | 0.4 | 0.090–2.033 | 0.285 |
Pharmacist | 0.3 | 0.032–2.026 | 0.197 | 0.8 | 0.357–1.955 | 0.679 |
CHWs | 0.7 | 0.206–2.853 | 0.692 | 1.5 | 0.715–3.089 | 0.289 |
Clinical officer | - | - | - | 2.9 | 0.899–9.952 | 0.074 |
Nutritionist | 0.9 | 0.097–7.287 | 0.874 | 2.0 | 0.706–6.464 | 0.179 |
Other | 1.9 | 0.716–5.357 | 0.191 | 2.2 | 1.058–4.314 | 0.034 * |
Comorbidities status | ||||||
Hypertension status | ||||||
Yes | 1.9 | 0.548–6.782 | 0.307 | 0.6 | 0.292–1.2300 | 0.163 |
No | Ref | Ref | ||||
Diabetic status | ||||||
Yes | 0.56 | 0.229–1.389 | 0.213 | 1.6 | 0.772–3.284 | 0.207 |
No | Ref | Ref | ||||
Asthma status | ||||||
Yes | 1.4 | 0.572–3.340 | 0.473 | 1.2 | 0.663–1.997 | 0.617 |
No | Ref | Ref | ||||
Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||
Yes | 0.6 | 0.197–1.913 | 0.400 | 1.1 | 0.464–2.427 | 0.887 |
No | Ref | Ref |
Demographic Characteristics | Partially Vaccinated | Fully Vaccinated | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | |||
Treatment centre for COVID-19 | |||||||
Yes | 1.7 | 1.164–2.571 | 0.007 * | 2.0 | 1.291–2.140 | 0.001 * | |
No | Ref | Ref | |||||
Availability of COVID-19 vaccine | |||||||
Yes | 2.4 | 1.580–3.743 | 0.001 * | 3.5 | 2.628–4.736 | 0.001 * | |
No | Ref | Ref | |||||
Level of health centre | |||||||
Primary level | Ref | Ref | |||||
Secondary level | 0.8 | 0.571–1.232 | 0.370 | 1.4 | 1.076–1.807 | 0.012 * | |
Tertiary level | 1.4 | 0.784–2.625 | 0.241 | 2.2 | 1.421–3.261 | 0.001 * | |
Mandatory for medical staff to take COVID-19 | |||||||
Yes | 11.9 | 7.804–18.235 | 0.001 * | 14.2 | 10.638–18.696 | 0.001 * | |
No | Ref | Ref |
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Dahie, H.A.; Mohamoud, J.H.; Adam, M.H.; Garba, B.; Dirie, N.I.; Sh. Nur, M.A.; Mohamed, F.Y. COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071116
Dahie HA, Mohamoud JH, Adam MH, Garba B, Dirie NI, Sh. Nur MA, Mohamed FY. COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2022; 10(7):1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071116
Chicago/Turabian StyleDahie, Hassan Abdullahi, Jamal Hassan Mohamoud, Mohamed Hussein Adam, Bashiru Garba, Najib Isse Dirie, Maryan Abdullahi Sh. Nur, and Fartun Yasin Mohamed. 2022. "COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 10, no. 7: 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071116