Homologous or Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Regimens Significantly Impact Sero-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Variants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Line and Virus
2.2. Microneutralization Assay
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data of Participants
3.2. Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain, Delta, and Omicron VOCs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kucharski, A.J.; Russell, T.W.; Diamond, C.; Liu, Y.; Edmunds, J.; Funk, S.; Eggo, R.M.; Sun, F.; Jit, M.; Munday, J.D.; et al. Early Dynamics of Transmission and Control of COVID-19: A Mathematical Modelling Study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 553–558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krammer, F. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Development. Nature 2020, 586, 516–527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosenberg, E.S.; Dorabawila, V.; Easton, D.; Bauer, U.E.; Kumar, J.; Hoen, R.; Hoefer, D.; Wu, M.; Lutterloh, E.; Conroy, M.B.; et al. COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in New York State. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022, 386, 116–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Eyre, D.W.; Taylor, D.; Purver, M.; Chapman, D.; Fowler, T.; Pouwels, K.B.; Walker, A.S.; Peto, T.E.A. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Transmission of Alpha and Delta Variants. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022, 386, 744–756. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Britton, A.; Fleming-Dutra, K.E.; Shang, N.; Smith, Z.R.; Dorji, T.; Derado, G.; Accorsi, E.K.; Ajani, U.A.; Miller, J.; Schrag, S.J.; et al. Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Time Since Vaccination and Delta Variant Predominance. JAMA 2022, 327, 1032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hunsawong, T.; Fernandez, S.; Buathong, R.; Khadthasrima, N.; Rungrojchareonkit, K.; Lohachanakul, J.; Suthangkornkul, R.; Tayong, K.; Huang, A.T.; Klungthong, C.; et al. Limited and Short-Lasting Virus Neutralizing Titers Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2021, 27, 3178–3180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jantarabenjakul, W.; Chantasrisawad, N.; Puthanakit, T.; Wacharapluesadee, S.; Hirankarn, N.; Ruenjaiman, V.; Paitoonpong, L.; Suwanpimolkul, G.; Torvorapanit, P.; Pradit, R.; et al. Short-Term Immune Response after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac®, Sinovac) and ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®, Oxford-AstraZeneca) Vaccinations in Health Care Workers. Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. 2021; online ahead of print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Hou, L.; Guo, X.; Jin, P.; Wu, S.; Zhu, J.; Pan, H.; Wang, X.; Song, Z.; Wan, J.; et al. Heterologous AD5-NCOV plus CoronaVac versus Homologous CoronaVac Vaccination: A Randomized Phase 4 Trial. Nat. Med. 2022, 28, 401–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cele, S.; Gazy, I.; Jackson, L.; Hwa, S.-H.; Tegally, H.; Lustig, G.; Giandhari, J.; Pillay, S.; Wilkinson, E.; Naidoo, Y.; et al. Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from Neutralization by Convalescent Plasma. Nature 2021, 593, 142–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McCallum, M.; Walls, A.C.; Sprouse, K.R.; Bowen, J.E.; Rosen, L.E.; Dang, H.V.; De Marco, A.; Franko, N.; Tilles, S.W.; Logue, J.; et al. Molecular Basis of Immune Evasion by the Delta and Kappa SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Science 2021, 374, 1621–1626. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wibmer, C.K.; Ayres, F.; Hermanus, T.; Madzivhandila, M.; Kgagudi, P.; Oosthuysen, B.; Lambson, B.E.; de Oliveira, T.; Vermeulen, M.; van der Berg, K.; et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 Escapes Neutralization by South African COVID-19 Donor Plasma. Nat. Med. 2021, 27, 622–625. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bar-On, Y.M.; Goldberg, Y.; Mandel, M.; Bodenheimer, O.; Amir, O.; Freedman, L.; Alroy-Preis, S.; Ash, N.; Huppert, A.; Milo, R. Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022, 386, 1712–1720. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hu, J.; Peng, P.; Cao, X.; Wu, K.; Chen, J.; Wang, K.; Tang, N.; Huang, A.-L. Increased Immune Escape of the New SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Omicron. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2022, 19, 293–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Regev-Yochay, G.; Gonen, T.; Gilboa, M.; Mandelboim, M.; Indenbaum, V.; Amit, S.; Meltzer, L.; Asraf, K.; Cohen, C.; Fluss, R.; et al. Efficacy of a Fourth Dose of COVID-19 MRNA Vaccine against Omicron. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022, 386, 1377–1380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Manenti, A.; Maggetti, M.; Casa, E.; Martinuzzi, D.; Torelli, A.; Trombetta, C.M.; Marchi, S.; Montomoli, E. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Using a CPE-Based Colorimetric Live Virus Micro-Neutralization Assay in Human Serum Samples. J. Med. Virol. 2020, 92, 2096–2104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Evans, J.P.; Zeng, C.; Carlin, C.; Lozanski, G.; Saif, L.J.; Oltz, E.M.; Gumina, R.J.; Liu, S.-L. Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Vaccination Wane over Time and Are Boosted by Breakthrough Infection. Sci. Transl. Med. 2022, 14, eabn8057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Caniels, T.G.; Bontjer, I.; van der Straten, K.; Poniman, M.; Burger, J.A.; Appelman, B.; Lavell, A.H.A.; Oomen, M.; Godeke, G.-J.; Valle, C.; et al. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Evade Humoral Immune Responses from Infection and Vaccination. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabj5365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Campos, G.R.F.; Almeida, N.B.F.; Filgueiras, P.S.; Corsini, C.A.; Gomes, S.V.C.; de Miranda, D.A.P.; de Assis, J.V.; de Souza Silva, T.B.; Alves, P.A.; da Rocha Fernandes, G.; et al. Booster Dose of BNT162b2 after Two Doses of CoronaVac Improves Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Commun. Med. 2022, 2, 76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Number of Participants | 59 |
---|---|
Age, median (years) | 40 |
IQR | 32.5–52.5 |
20–30 years | 11 |
31–40 years | 19 |
41–50 years | 13 |
51–60 years | 15 |
61–70 years | 1 |
BMI, median | 22.2 |
IQR | 20.9–26.3 |
Range | 16.1–33.2 |
Duration between 2CoronaVac and ChAdOx1, median (weeks) | 14.1 |
Characteristics | 2CoronaVac-2ChAdOx1 | 2CoronaVac-ChA-dOx1/BNT162b2 | 2CoronaVac-2BNT162b2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 25 | 35 | 6 | |
Age, median (years) | 42 | 35 | 33 | 0.370 |
IQR | 36–54 | 2.5–49 | 29.5–44 | |
Range | 22–62 | 23–60 | 28–57 | |
Age group, n | ||||
20–30 years | 5 | 11 | 2 | |
31–40 years | 6 | 9 | 2 | |
41–50 years | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
51–60 years | 7 | 8 | 1 | |
61–70 years | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Sex (% Male) | 32.0 | 42.9 | 66.7 | 0.283 |
BMI, median | 21.5 | 24.0 | 25.4 | 0.489 |
IQR | 19.4–27.5 | 20.9–25.91 | 24.15–26.36 | |
Range | 16.0–33.2 | 16.37–30.32 | 21.97–27.51 | |
Duration between 2CoronaVac and the first booster, median (weeks) | 14.5 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 0.0212 |
Duration between the first and the second booster, median (weeks) | 26.0 | 23.1 | 20.1 | 0.0047 |
IQR | 21.4–26.5 | 21.4–26.6 | 20.1–20.2 | |
Range | 21.4–27.4 | 13.0–28.0 | 16.0–20.2 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Buathong, R.; Hunsawong, T.; Wacharapluesadee, S.; Guharat, S.; Jirapipatt, R.; Ninwattana, S.; Thippamom, N.; Jitsatja, A.; Jones, A.R.; Rungrojchareonkit, K.; et al. Homologous or Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Regimens Significantly Impact Sero-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Variants. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081321
Buathong R, Hunsawong T, Wacharapluesadee S, Guharat S, Jirapipatt R, Ninwattana S, Thippamom N, Jitsatja A, Jones AR, Rungrojchareonkit K, et al. Homologous or Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Regimens Significantly Impact Sero-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Variants. Vaccines. 2022; 10(8):1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081321
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuathong, Rome, Taweewun Hunsawong, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Suriya Guharat, Ratthapat Jirapipatt, Sasiprapa Ninwattana, Nattakarn Thippamom, Anusara Jitsatja, Anthony R. Jones, Kamonthip Rungrojchareonkit, and et al. 2022. "Homologous or Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Regimens Significantly Impact Sero-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Variants" Vaccines 10, no. 8: 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081321