What Works for Controlling Meningitis Outbreaks: A Case Study from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Index Case Identification
2.2. Environmental Description and Case Exploration
2.3. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Mono-Factor Analysis
3.2. Vaccination and Breakthrough Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number (Rate) of Infection Cases in Children in School A (n = 144) | Number (Rate) of Infection Cases in Children in School B (n = 68) | Number (Rate) of Infection Cases in Children in School C (n = 54) | Number (Rate) of Infection Cases in Total Children (n = 266) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Only MenA | 11 (7.6%) | 8 (11.8%) | 6 (11.1%) | 25 (9.4%) |
Only MenB | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 5 (9.3%) | 8 (3.0%) |
Only MenC | 9 (6.3%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (1.9%) | 11 (4.1%) |
MenA plus MenC | 9 (6.3%) | 21 (30.9%) | 8 (14.8%) | 38 (14.3%) |
MenA plus MenB plus MenC | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (1.1%) |
Only MenW | 2 (1.4%) | NA | NA | NA |
Unclassified Neisseria meningitides | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Number (Rate) of Cases Infected with MenA | Number (Rate) of Cases Infected with MenB | Number (Rate) of Cases Infected with MenC | Number (Rate) of Cases Infected with MenW | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | p = 0.055 | p = 0.397 | p = 0.424 | p = 0.187 |
Male | 27 (19.9%) | 7 (5.1%) | 24 (17.6%) | 2 (2.6%) |
Female | 39 (30.0%) | 4 (3.1%) | 28 (21.5%) | 0 |
School | p < 0.001 | p = 0.015 | p = 0.002 | NA |
A | 21 (14.6%) | 3 (2.1%) | 19 (13.2%) | 2 (1.4%) |
B | 30 (44.1%) | 2 (2.9%) | 23 (33.8%) | NA |
C | 15 (27.8%) | 6 (11.1%) | 10 (18.5%) | NA |
Resident | p = 0.320 | p = 0.383 | p = 0.851 | p = 0.267 |
Day student | 37 (27.4%) | 7 (5.2%) | 27 (20.0%) | 0 |
Resident student | 29 (22.1%) | 4 (3.1%) | 25 (19.1%) | 2 (2.2%) |
Region | MenA Plus MenC First Dose | MenA Plus MenC Boosting Dose | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expected Vaccination Number | Actual Vaccination Number | Unvaccination Number | Unvaccination Rate (%) | Expected Vaccination Number | Actual Vaccination Number | Unvaccination Number | Unvaccination Rate (%) | |
Zunyi City | 1,293,686 | 1,285,160 | 8526 | 99.34 | 901,300 | 880,724 | 20,576 | 97.71 |
Tongzi County | 124,018 | 123,147 | 871 | 99.29 | 83,186 | 80,931 | 2255 | 97.28 |
Liaoyuan Town | 7154 | 7100 | 54 | 99.24 | 5219 | 5115 | 104 | 98 |
School | The Proportion of Population Vaccinated Only One Dose of Vaccine against MenA Plus MenC (%) | The Proportion of Population Vaccinated Two Doses of Vaccine against MenA Plus MenC (%) | The Proportion of Population without Vaccination Record of Vaccine against MenA Plus MenC (%) | The Proportion of Population Vaccinated ACYW135 Vaccine (%) | The Proportion of Population Vaccinated Vaccine against MenC (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 18.75 | 61.11 | 18.06 | 2.08 | 63.19 |
B | 4.41 | 42.65 | 52.94 | 0 | 42.65 |
C | 5.56 | 59.26 | 35.19 | 0 | 59.26 |
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Zhang, X.; Liu, C.; Yi, Z.; Zhao, L.; Li, Z.; Yao, L.; Feng, B.; Rui, L.; Qu, B.; Liu, M.; et al. What Works for Controlling Meningitis Outbreaks: A Case Study from China. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121762
Zhang X, Liu C, Yi Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Yao L, Feng B, Rui L, Qu B, Liu M, et al. What Works for Controlling Meningitis Outbreaks: A Case Study from China. Vaccines. 2023; 11(12):1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121762
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiyu, Chunting Liu, Zongjun Yi, Linglu Zhao, Zhongju Li, Linhong Yao, Bufang Feng, Liping Rui, Bin Qu, Ming Liu, and et al. 2023. "What Works for Controlling Meningitis Outbreaks: A Case Study from China" Vaccines 11, no. 12: 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121762