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Article

Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine

by
Angela Hidalgo-Gajardo
1,2,
Nicolás Gutiérrez
1,2,
Emilio Lamazares
1,
Felipe Espinoza
1,2,
Fernanda Escobar-Riquelme
1,
María J. Leiva
1,
Carla Villavicencio
1,
Karel Mena-Ulecia
3,
Raquel Montesino
1,
Claudia Altamirano
4,
Oliberto Sánchez
1,
Coralia I. Rivas
1,
Álvaro Ruíz
5 and
Jorge R. Toledo
1,*
1
Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile
2
Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Biovacuvet SpA, VIII Región, Concepción 4090838, Chile
3
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, IX Región, Temuco 4813302, Chile
4
Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, V Región, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile
5
Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, XVI Región, Chillán 3812120, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1788; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121788
Submission received: 17 October 2023 / Revised: 20 November 2023 / Accepted: 25 November 2023 / Published: 30 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Virus and Vaccines)
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Abstract

Pig is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. One of the main conditions for pig production is Porcine Enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. Among the effects of this disease is chronic mild diarrhea, which affects the weight gain of pigs, generating economic losses. Vaccines available to prevent this condition do not have the desired effect, but this limitation can be overcome using adjuvants. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 18 (IL-18), can improve an immune response, reducing the immune window of protection. In this study, recombinant porcine IL-18 was produced and expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The protein’s biological activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo, and we determined that the P. pastoris protein had better immunostimulatory activity. A vaccine candidate against L. intracellularis, formulated with and without IL-18, was used to determine the pigs’ cellular and humoral immune responses. Animals injected with the candidate vaccine co-formulated with IL-18 showed a significant increase of Th1 immune response markers and an earlier increase of antibodies than those vaccinated without the cytokine. This suggests that IL-18 acts as an immunostimulant and vaccine adjuvant to boost the immune response against the antigens, reducing the therapeutic window of recombinant protein-based vaccines.
Keywords: cytokine; interleukin 18 (IL-18); adjuvant; Lawsonia intracellularis; Pichia pastoris; porcine enteropathy cytokine; interleukin 18 (IL-18); adjuvant; Lawsonia intracellularis; Pichia pastoris; porcine enteropathy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hidalgo-Gajardo, A.; Gutiérrez, N.; Lamazares, E.; Espinoza, F.; Escobar-Riquelme, F.; Leiva, M.J.; Villavicencio, C.; Mena-Ulecia, K.; Montesino, R.; Altamirano, C.; et al. Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121788

AMA Style

Hidalgo-Gajardo A, Gutiérrez N, Lamazares E, Espinoza F, Escobar-Riquelme F, Leiva MJ, Villavicencio C, Mena-Ulecia K, Montesino R, Altamirano C, et al. Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine. Vaccines. 2023; 11(12):1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121788

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hidalgo-Gajardo, Angela, Nicolás Gutiérrez, Emilio Lamazares, Felipe Espinoza, Fernanda Escobar-Riquelme, María J. Leiva, Carla Villavicencio, Karel Mena-Ulecia, Raquel Montesino, Claudia Altamirano, and et al. 2023. "Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine" Vaccines 11, no. 12: 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121788

APA Style

Hidalgo-Gajardo, A., Gutiérrez, N., Lamazares, E., Espinoza, F., Escobar-Riquelme, F., Leiva, M. J., Villavicencio, C., Mena-Ulecia, K., Montesino, R., Altamirano, C., Sánchez, O., Rivas, C. I., Ruíz, Á., & Toledo, J. R. (2023). Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine. Vaccines, 11(12), 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121788

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