The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Serological and Specific T-Cell Assessment
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population and Sample Collection
3.2. Specific Humoral Response in the Study Population
3.3. Specific T-Cell Response in Study Population
3.4. Evaluation of S-Specific Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.5 T-Cell Response
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SOT-Rs (n = 32) | LuT-Rs (n = 9) | KT-Rs (n = 23) | HDs (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56 (48–61) | 56 (46–62) | 55 (49–61) | 50 (47–58) |
Male/female | 22/10 | 7/2 | 15/8 | 7/5 |
Time elapsed since transplant, months | 76 (42–162) | 20 (13–96) | 76 (60–181) | |
Immunosuppressive treatment | ||||
Steroids | 26 | 9 | 17 | |
Antimetabolites | 22 | 6 | 16 | |
Calcineurin inhibitors | 32 | 9 | 23 | |
mTOR inhibitors | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Laboratory data | ||||
WBC (×109/L) | 7.2 (6.1–9.4) | 8.2 (5.4–10.0) | 7.2 (6.2–9.5) | |
Neutrophils (×109/L) | 4.7 (3.4–6.4) | 5.1 (3.7–6.7) | 4.5 (3.4–6.4) | |
Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 2.2 (1.4–2.4) | 1.4 (1.3–2.6) | 2.2 (1.7–2.5) | |
PLT (×109/L) | 212 (156–244) | 243 (145–265) | 210 (159–240) | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.3 (1.3–2.1) | 1.7 (1.3–1.9) | |
Azotemia (mg/dL) | 55 (40–79) | 54 (8–85) | 58 (42–78) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes | 7 | 4 | 3 | |
Arterial hypertension | 26 | 5 | 21 | |
Dyslipidemia | 15 | 1 | 14 | |
Cardiopathy | 4 | 2 | 2 |
SOT-Rs (n = 32) | HDs (n = 12) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |
anti-S antibody titers (BAU/mL) | 31 (23–149) | 1150 (101–3050) | 562 (80–2270) | 369 (189–701) | 1610 (1520–9400) | 3270 (869–9328) |
responding T-cells | ||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.36 (0.09–1.01) | 0.34 (0.00–0.72) | 0.10 (0.10–0.10) | 1.98 (1.52–3.29) | 1.39 (0.88–2.04) | 0.41 (0.11–0.72) |
% of CD8+ | 0.25 (0.05–0.64) | 0.41 (0.04–1.10) | 0.09 (0.06–0.20) | 1.06 (0.11–1.63) | 1.12 (0.18–2.46) | 0.38 (0.20–0.57) |
polyfunctional T-cells | ||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.01 (0.00–0.05) | 0.01 (0.01–0.09) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.08–0.10) |
% of CD8+ | 0.00 (0.00–0.05) | 0.00 (0.00–0.06) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.03–0.18) |
LuT-Rs (n = 9) | KT-Rs (n = 23) | HDs (n = 12) | p Value * | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | LuT-Rs vs. HD | KT-Rs vs. HD | |
anti-S antibody titers (BAU/mL) | 4.8 (4.8–16.2) | 23 (7–956) | 70.3 (7–144) | 88.4 (31–289) | 2500 (862–3320) | 870 (399–7110) | 369 (189–701) | 1610 (1520–9400) | 3270 (869–9328) | T0: <0.0001 T1: 0.0004 T2: 0.0116 | T0: 0.0232 T1: ns T2: ns |
responding T-cells | T0: 0.0025 T1: 0.0322 T2: 0.0360 | T0: 0.0003 T1: 0.0001 T2: 0.0002 | |||||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.39 (0.20–0.69) | 0.50 (0.32–0.81) | 0.02 (0.01–0.08) | 0.17 (0.07–1.13) | 0.21 (0.0–0.65) | 0.01 (0.01–0.05) | 1.98 (1.52–3.29) | 1.39 (0.88–2.04) | 0.41 (0.11–0.72) | ||
% of CD8+ | 0.07 (0.05–0.63) | 0.09 (0.05–0.93) | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) | 0.30 (0.02–0.65) | 0.35 (0.0–1.0) | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 1.06 (0.11–1.63) | 1.12 (0.18–2.46) | 0.38 (0.20–0.57) | T0: 0.0371 T1:0.0508 T2: 0.0011 | T0: 0.0492 T1: 0.0306 T2: 0.0021 |
polyfunctional T-cells | T0: 0.0498 T1: 0.0415 T2: 0.0286 | T0: <0.0001 T1: 0.0025 T2: <0.0001 | |||||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.02 (0.0–0.03) | 0.02 (0.0–0.05) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.0 (0.0–0.01) | 0.0 (0.0–0.08) | 0.01 (0.0–0.01) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.08–0.10) | ||
% of CD8+ | 0.01 (0.0–0.02) | 0.03 (0.0–0.09) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.0 (0.0–0.03) | 0.0 (0.0–0.04) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.03–0.18) | T0: 0.0052 T1: 0.0628 T2: 0.0798 | T0: 0.0003 T1: 0.0002 T2: 0.0470 |
<2 Years since Tx (n = 8) | >2 Years since Tx (n = 24) | HDs (n = 12) | p Value * | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | <2 Years since Tx vs. HD | >2 Years since Tx vs. HDs | |
anti-S antibody titers (BAU/mL) | 16 (4.8–31) | 122 (11–1093) | 149 (70–6820) | 62 (31–287) | 2270 (286–3300) | 771 (163–5085) | 369 (189–701) | 1610 (1520–9400) | 3270 (869–9328) | T0: <0.0001 T1: 0.0020 T2: ns | T0: 0.0075 T1: ns T2: ns |
responding T-cells | T0: 0.0020 T1: 0.0008 T2: 0.0545 | T0: 0.0004 T1: 0.0013 T2: 0.0007 | |||||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.30 (0.06–0.94) | 0.17 (0.0–0.63) | 0.01 (0.01–0.51) | 0.35 (0.10–1.10) | 042 (0.08–0.75) | 0.01 (0.01–0.07) | 1.98 (1.52–3.29) | 1.39 (0.88–2.04) | 0.41 (0.11–0.72) | ||
% of CD8+ | 0.06 (0.06–0.27) | 0.12 (0.05–0.67) | 0.08 (0.02–0.31) | 0.20 (0.02–0.98) | 0.40 (0.02–1.09) | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 1.06 (0.11–1.63) | 1.12 (0.18–2.46) | 0.38 (0.20–0.57) | T0: 0.0137 T1: 0.0416 T2: 0.0385 | T0: 0.0593 T1: 0.0545 T2: 0.0006 |
polyfunctional T-cells | T0: 0.0212 T1: 0.0603 T2: 0.0211 | T0: 0.0001 T1: 0.0022 T2: <0.0001 | |||||||||
% of CD4+ | 0.01 (0.0–0.04) | 0.03 (0.0–0.08) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.0 (0.0–0.01) | 0.0 (0.0–0.05) | 0.01 (0.0–0.01) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.10–0.13) | 0.10 (0.08–0.10) | ||
% of CD8+ | 0.01 (0.0–0.04) | 0.0 (0.0–0.07) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.0 (0.0–0.02) | 0.0 (0.0–0.06) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.05–0.11) | 0.10 (0.03–0.18) | T0: 0.0059 T1: 0.0120 T2: 0.0236 | T0: 0.0003 T1: 0.0006 T2: 0.0080 |
SOT-Rs (n = 7) | HDs (n = 12) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
wt | o | wt | o | |
responding T-cells | ||||
% of CD4+ | 0.01 (0.01–0.10) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | 0.41 (0.11–0.72) | 0.61 (0.33–0.78) |
% of CD8+ | 0.08 (0.05–0.10) | 0.04 (0.02–0.06) | 0.38 (0.20–0.57) | 0.43 (0.10–1.10) |
polyfunctional T-cells | ||||
% of CD4+ | 0.01 (0.0–0.02) | 0.01 (0.0–0.02) | 0.10 (0.08–0.10) | 0.04 (0.01–0.11) |
% of CD8+ | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.10 (0.03–0.18) | 0.10 (0.02–0.16) |
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Zingaropoli, M.A.; Guardiani, M.; Dominelli, F.; Tortellini, E.; Garofalo, M.; Cogliati Dezza, F.; Centofanti, A.; Carillo, C.; Napoli, A.; Venuta, F.; et al. The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Vaccines 2024, 12, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030224
Zingaropoli MA, Guardiani M, Dominelli F, Tortellini E, Garofalo M, Cogliati Dezza F, Centofanti A, Carillo C, Napoli A, Venuta F, et al. The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Vaccines. 2024; 12(3):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030224
Chicago/Turabian StyleZingaropoli, Maria Antonella, Mariasilvia Guardiani, Federica Dominelli, Eeva Tortellini, Manuela Garofalo, Francesco Cogliati Dezza, Anastasia Centofanti, Carolina Carillo, Anna Napoli, Federico Venuta, and et al. 2024. "The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients" Vaccines 12, no. 3: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030224