Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Virus and Cells
2.2. Mouse Immunization and Challenge
2.3. Serological Analysis
2.4. Surrogate SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.5. Splenocyte and Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot)
2.6. Lung Viral Load and Specific IgA against SARS-CoV-2
2.7. NDV Detection from Egg Inoculation and Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR
2.8. Histopathological Evaluation
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Immune Response to Intranasal Vaccination of Live rK148/Beta-S
3.2. Efficacy of Intranasal Vaccination with rK148/Beta-S in Protecting Mice against Both SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta Variants
3.3. IFN-γ-Secreting Splenocytes in Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Respiratory Tissue IgA Specific to SARS-CoV-2
3.4. Histopathological Analysis of the Lungs, Spleen, and Small Intestine
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Immunization | Challenge | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccine | Dose (EID50) | Prime | Boost | Virus | Dose (TCID50) | Time Point | |
G1 | rK148/beta-S | 106.0 | W0 | W4 | Beta a | 104.7 | W8 |
G2 | rK148/beta-S | 107.0 | W0 | W4 | Beta | 104.7 | W8 |
G3 | NDV (K148/08) | 107.0 | W0 | W4 | Beta | 104.7 | W8 |
G4 | Control (PBS) | – | — | — | Beta | 104.7 | W8 |
G5 | rK148/beta-S | 107.0 | W0 | W4 | Delta b | 104.7 | W8 |
G6 | Control (PBS) | – | — | — | Delta | 104.7 | W8 |
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Kim, D.-H.; Lee, J.; Lee, D.-Y.; Lee, S.-H.; Jeong, J.-H.; Kim, J.-Y.; Kim, J.; Choi, Y.-K.; Lee, J.-B.; Park, S.-Y.; et al. Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines 2024, 12, 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080921
Kim D-H, Lee J, Lee D-Y, Lee S-H, Jeong J-H, Kim J-Y, Kim J, Choi Y-K, Lee J-B, Park S-Y, et al. Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines. 2024; 12(8):921. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080921
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Deok-Hwan, Jiho Lee, Da-Ye Lee, Seung-Hun Lee, Jei-Hyun Jeong, Ji-Yun Kim, Jiwon Kim, Yang-Kyu Choi, Joong-Bok Lee, Seung-Young Park, and et al. 2024. "Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Vaccines 12, no. 8: 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080921