Global Status Report for the Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination, 2022
Abstract
:1. Introduction: History, Background, and Context
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results: Measles and Rubella Elimination Progress 2022
- the African Regional Verification Commission (AF-RVC) met in May 2023 [17];
- the South-East Asian Regional Verification Commission (SEA-RVC) in June 2023 [18];
- the Western Pacific Regional Verification Commission (WP-RVC) in September 2023 [19];
- the European Regional Verification Commission (EU-RVC) in September 2023 [20];
- the Region of the Americas—measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome post-elimination Regional Monitoring and Re-Verification Commission in November 2023 [21];
- and the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Verification Commission (EM-RVC) in December 2023 [22].
4. Discussion: Accelerating Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category * | Measles Elimination Category (%) | Total Population 2021 (Thousands) † (%) | Rubella Elimination Category (%) | Total Population 2021 (Thousands) † (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Verified | 82 | 1,561,166 | 98 | 2,214,852 |
(42%) | (20%) | (50%) | (28%) | |
Eliminated | 21 | 381,881 | 13 | 2622 |
(11%) | (5%) | (7%) | (<1%) | |
Endemic | 85 | 5,641,186 | 82 | 5,644,853 |
(43%) | (71%) | (42%) | (71%) | |
Re-established endemic transmission post-verification | 5 | 278,094 | 0 | 0 |
(3%) | (3%) | (0%) | (0%) | |
No report | 1 | 8900 | 1 | 8900 |
(1%) | (<1%) | (1%) | (<1%) | |
Total | 194 | 7,871,227 | 194 | 7,871,227 |
Category * | WHO Region | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
African Region (AFR) | Region of the Americas (AMR) | Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) | European Region (EUR) | South-East Asia Region (SEAR) | Western Pacific Region (WPR) | |
Verified | 0 | 34 | 4 | 33 | 5 | 6 |
Eliminated | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 13 |
Endemic | 47 | 0 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 6 |
Re-established endemic transmission post-verification | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
No report | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 47 | 35 | 21 | 53 | 11 | 27 |
Category * | WHO Region | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
African Region (AFR) | Region of the Americas (AMR) | Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) | European Region (EUR) | South-East Asia Region (SEAR) | Western Pacific Region (WPR) | |
Verified | 0 | 35 | 4 | 49 | 5 | 5 |
Eliminated | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
Endemic | 47 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 9 |
Re-established endemic transmission post-verification | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
No report | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 47 | 35 | 21 | 53 | 11 | 27 |
WHO Member States | WHO Region | Measles Elimination Category 2022 * | Rubella Elimination Category 2022 * | Total Population 2021 (Thousands) † |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | EMR | 40,099 | ||
Albania | EUR | 2855 | ||
Algeria | AFR | 44,178 | ||
Andorra | EUR | 79 | ||
Angola | AFR | 34,504 | ||
Antigua and Barbuda | AMR | 93 | ||
Argentina | AMR | 45,277 | ||
Armenia | EUR | 2791 | ||
Australia | WPR | 25,921 | ||
Austria | EUR | 8922 | ||
Azerbaijan | EUR | 10,313 | ||
Bahamas, The | AMR | 408 | ||
Bahrain | EMR | 1463 | ||
Bangladesh | SEAR | 169,356 | ||
Barbados | AMR | 281 | ||
Belarus | EUR | 9578 | ||
Belgium | EUR | 11,611 | ||
Belize | AMR | 400 | ||
Benin | AFR | 12,997 | ||
Bhutan | SEAR | 777 | ||
Bolivia, Plurinational State of | AMR | 12,079 | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | EUR | 3271 | ||
Botswana | AFR | 2588 | ||
Brazil | AMR | 214,326 | ||
Brunei Darussalam | WPR | 445 | ||
Bulgaria | EUR | 6886 | ||
Burkina Faso | AFR | 22,101 | ||
Burundi | AFR | 12,551 | ||
Cabo Verde | AFR | 588 | ||
Cambodia | WPR | 16,589 | ||
Cameroon | AFR | 27,199 | ||
Canada | AMR | 38,155 | ||
Central African Republic | AFR | 5457 | ||
Chad | AFR | 17,180 | ||
Chile | AMR | 19,493 | ||
China | WPR | 1,425,893 | ||
Colombia | AMR | 51,517 | ||
Comoros | AFR | 822 | ||
Congo, Republic of | AFR | 5836 | ||
Cook Islands | WPR | 17 | ||
Costa Rica | AMR | 5154 | ||
Côte d’Ivoire | AFR | 27,478 | ||
Croatia | EUR | 4060 | ||
Cuba | AMR | 11,256 | ||
Cyprus | EUR | 1244 | ||
Czechia | EUR | 10,511 | ||
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | SEAR | 25,972 | ||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | AFR | 95,894 | ||
Denmark | EUR | 5854 | ||
Djibouti | EMR | 1106 | ||
Dominica | AMR | 72 | ||
Dominica Republic | AMR | 11,118 | ||
Ecuador | AMR | 17,798 | ||
Egypt, Arab Republic | EMR | 109,262 | ||
El Salvador | AMR | 6314 | ||
Equatoria Guinea | AFR | 1634 | ||
Eritrea | AFR | 3620 | ||
Estonia | EUR | 1329 | ||
Eswatini (Swaziland) | AFR | 1192 | ||
Ethiopia | AFR | 120,283 | ||
Fiji | WPR | 925 | ||
Finland | EUR | 5536 | ||
France | EUR | 64,531 | ||
Gabon | AFR | 2341 | ||
Gambia, The | AFR | 2640 | ||
Georgia | EUR | 3758 | ||
Germany | EUR | 83,409 | ||
Ghana | AFR | 32,833 | ||
Greece | EUR | 10,445 | ||
Grenada | AMR | 125 | ||
Guatemala | AMR | 17,608 | ||
Guinea | AFR | 13,532 | ||
Guinea-Bissau | AFR | 2061 | ||
Guyana | AMR | 805 | ||
Haiti | AMR | 11,448 | ||
Honduras | AMR | 10,278 | ||
Hungary | EUR | 9710 | ||
Iceland | EUR | 370 | ||
India | SEAR | 1,407,564 | ||
Indonesia | SEAR | 273,753 | ||
Iran, Islamic Republic of | EMR | 87,923 | ||
Iraq | EMR | 43,534 | ||
Ireland | EUR | 4987 | ||
Israel | EUR | 8900 | ||
Italy | EUR | 59,240 | ||
Jamaica | AMR | 2828 | ||
Japan | WPR | 124,613 | ||
Jordan | EMR | 11,148 | ||
Kazakhstan | EUR | 19,196 | ||
Kenya | AFR | 53,006 | ||
Kiribati | WPR | 129 | ||
Kuwait | EMR | 4250 | ||
Kyrgyz Republic | EUR | 6528 | ||
Lao People’s Democratic Republic | WPR | 7425 | ||
Latvia | EUR | 1874 | ||
Lebanon | EMR | 5593 | ||
Lesotho | AFR | 2281 | ||
Liberia | AFR | 5193 | ||
Libya | EMR | 6735 | ||
Lithuania | EUR | 2787 | ||
Luxembourg | EUR | 639 | ||
Madagascar | AFR | 28,916 | ||
Malawi | AFR | 19,890 | ||
Malaysia | WPR | 33,574 | ||
Maldives | SEAR | 521 | ||
Mali | AFR | 21,905 | ||
Malta | EUR | 527 | ||
Marshall Islands | WPR | 42 | ||
Mauritania | AFR | 4615 | ||
Mauritius | AFR | 1299 | ||
Mexico | AMR | 126,705 | ||
Micronesia, Federated States of | WPR | 113 | ||
Monaco | EUR | 37 | ||
Mongolia | WPR | 3348 | ||
Montenegro | EUR | 628 | ||
Morocco | EMR | 37,077 | ||
Mozambique | AFR | 32,077 | ||
Myanmar | SEAR | 53,798 | ||
Namibia | AFR | 2530 | ||
Nauru | WPR | 13 | ||
Nepal | SEAR | 30,035 | ||
Netherlands, The Kingdom of the | EUR | 17,502 | ||
New Zealand | WPR | 5130 | ||
Nicaragua | AMR | 6851 | ||
Niger | AFR | 25,253 | ||
Nigeria | AFR | 213,401 | ||
Niue | WPR | 2 | ||
North Macedonia | EUR | 2103 | ||
Norway | EUR | 5403 | ||
Oman | EMR | 4520 | ||
Pakistan | EMR | 231,402 | ||
Palau | WPR | 18 | ||
Panama | AMR | 4351 | ||
Papua New Guinea | WPR | 9949 | ||
Paraguay | AMR | 6704 | ||
Peru | AMR | 33,715 | ||
Philippines | WPR | 113,880 | ||
Poland | EUR | 38,308 | ||
Portugal | EUR | 10,290 | ||
Qatar | EMR | 2688 | ||
Republic of Korea | WPR | 51,830 | ||
Republic of Moldova | EUR | 3062 | ||
Romania | EUR | 19,329 | ||
Russian Federation | EUR | 154,103 | ||
Rwanda | AFR | 13,462 | ||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | AMR | 48 | ||
Saint Lucia | AMR | 180 | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | AMR | 104 | ||
Samoa | WPR | 219 | ||
San Marino | EUR | 34 | ||
Sao Tome and Principe | AFR | 223 | ||
Saudi Arabia | EMR | 35,950 | ||
Senegal | AFR | 16,877 | ||
Serbia | EUR | 7297 | ||
Seychelles | AFR | 106 | ||
Sierra Leone | AFR | 8421 | ||
Singapore | WPR | 5941 | ||
Slovakia | EUR | 5448 | ||
Slovenia | EUR | 2119 | ||
Solomon Islands | WPR | 708 | ||
Somalia | EMR | 17,066 | ||
South Africa | AFR | 59,392 | ||
South Sudan | AFR | 10,748 | ||
Spain | EUR | 47,487 | ||
Sri Lanka | SEAR | 21,773 | ||
Sudan | EMR | 45,657 | ||
Suriname | AMR | 613 | ||
Sweden | EUR | 10,467 | ||
Switzerland | EUR | 8691 | ||
Syrian Arab Republic | EMR | 21,324 | ||
Tajikistan | EUR | 9750 | ||
Tanzania, United Republic of | AFR | 63,588 | ||
Thailand | SEAR | 71,601 | ||
Timor-Leste | SEAR | 1321 | ||
Togo | AFR | 8645 | ||
Tonga | WPR | 106 | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | AMR | 1526 | ||
Tunisia | EMR | 12,263 | ||
Türkiye | EUR | 84,775 | ||
Turkmenistan | EUR | 6342 | ||
Tuvalu | WPR | 11 | ||
Uganda | AFR | 45,854 | ||
Ukraine | EUR | 43,531 | ||
United Arab Emirates | EMR | 9365 | ||
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | EUR | 67,281 | ||
United States of America | AMR | 336,998 | ||
Uruguay | AMR | 3426 | ||
Uzbekistan | EUR | 34,081 | ||
Vanuatu | WPR | 319 | ||
Venezuela ‡ | AMR | 28,200 | ||
Vietnam | WPR | 97,468 | ||
Yemen | EMR | 32,982 | ||
Zambia | AFR | 19,473 | ||
Zimbabwe | AFR | 15,994 | ||
Territory/Region | WHO Region | Measles Elimination Category 2022 * | Rubella Elimination Category 2022 * | Total, Population 2021 (Thousands), † |
American Samoa (US) | WPR | 45 | ||
French Polynesia (France) | WPR | 304 | ||
Guam (US) | WPR | 171 | ||
Hong Kong SAR (China) | WPR | 7495 | ||
Macao SAR (China) | WPR | 687 | ||
New Caledonia (France) | WPR | 288 | ||
Northern Mariana Islands (US) | WPR | 49 | ||
Occupied Palestinian Territories | EMR | 5133 | ||
Pitcairn Islands (UK) | WPR | 0,§ | ||
Tokelau (New Zealand) | WPR | 2 | ||
Wallis and Futuna (France) | WPR | 12 | ||
Category * | Definition | Code | ||
Endemic | Continuous transmission of measles and/or rubella that persists for ≥12 months in any defined geographical area and no previous verification of elimination. | |||
Eliminated | Absence of endemic transmission for a continuous period of ≥12 months in the presence of a high-quality surveillance system. | |||
Verified | Verification of elimination for a region requires that all countries in the region document interruption of endemic virus transmission for a period of ≥36 months. | |||
Re-established endemic transmission post-verification | Presence of a chain of transmission that continues uninterrupted for ≥12 months in a defined geographical area (region or country) after previous verification of elimination. | |||
No report | National Verification Committee annual report not provided to the Regional Verification Commission for review |
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Share and Cite
O’Connor, P.; Masresha, B.; Pastor, D.; Musa, N.; Hagan, J.; Khanal, S.; Lee, C.-W.; Crowcroft, N. Global Status Report for the Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination, 2022. Vaccines 2024, 12, 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080947
O’Connor P, Masresha B, Pastor D, Musa N, Hagan J, Khanal S, Lee C-W, Crowcroft N. Global Status Report for the Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination, 2022. Vaccines. 2024; 12(8):947. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080947
Chicago/Turabian StyleO’Connor, Patrick, Balcha Masresha, Desirée Pastor, Nasrin Musa, José Hagan, Sudhir Khanal, Chung-Won Lee, and Natasha Crowcroft. 2024. "Global Status Report for the Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination, 2022" Vaccines 12, no. 8: 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080947