Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Dried Blood Spot Collection
2.3.2. Questionnaires
2.4. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 S1RBD IgG Antibodies
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Size
3.2. Participant Characteristics
3.3. S1RBD IgG Antibody Concentrations in NHRs and NHS at T1, T2 and T3
3.3.1. Significantly Waning S1RBD IgG Antibody Concentrations Post-Vaccination
3.3.2. Differences in S1RBD IgG Antibody Concentration Post-Vaccination between Infection-Naive and Infection-Primed NHRs and NHS, with and without Comorbidity
NHRs vs. NHS
SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naive vs. Infection-Primed NHRs/NHS
Comorbidity vs. No Comorbidity
3.4. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Concentrations after Vaccination Stratified According to Time since Last SARS-CoV-2 Infection
3.5. Effect of Association between Type and Number of Comorbidities on SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Concentrations after Vaccination
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbreviation | Participant Group Criteria | N |
---|---|---|
R | Residents | |
R0 | No comorbidity, infection-naive | 125 |
R1 | No comorbidity, infection-primed | 125 |
R0c | Comorbidity (≥1), infection-naive | 125 |
R1c | Comorbidity (≥1), infection-primed | 125 |
S | Staff | |
S0 | No comorbidity, infection-naive | 125 |
S1 | No comorbidity, infection-primed | 125 |
Participant Group | Median Age, Years (IQR) | Female (%) | CVD (%) | DM (%) | HTN (%) | RLC (%) | ID (%) | Cancer (%) | # Available Samples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||||||
R0 | 89 (83–92) | 82 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 124 | 100 | 112 |
R1 | 86 (80–91) | 74 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 124 | 99 | 100 |
R0c | 89 (85–92) | 70 | 57 | 22 | 49 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 103 |
R1c | 88 (83–92) | 76 | 69 | 24 | 41 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 123 | 115 | 102 |
S0 | 44 (33–55) | 86 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 125 | 96 | 88 |
S1 | 43 (35–50) | 92 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 118 | 90 | 78 |
Participant Group | Seronegative T1 % (95% CI) (Vaccine Non-Responders) | Seronegative T2 % (95% CI) | Seronegative T3 % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
R0 | 4 (2–9) | 3 (1–8) | 17 (11–25) |
R1 | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) |
R0c | 13 (11–24) | 22 (16–31) | 36 (28–47) |
R1c | 0 (0–3) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (1–8) |
S0 | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) |
S1 | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–5) |
GMCx (IU/mL) | 95% Confidence Interval (IU/mL) | GMCxx (IU/mL) | 95% Confidence Interval (IU/mL) | Adjusted p-Value | Ratio GMC a | Averaged Ratio GMC b | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nursing home residents vs. nursing home staff | |||||||
A. Infection-naive residents (R0) | B. Infection-naive staff (S0) | B/A | |||||
T1 | 358 | 266–481 | 1685 | 1404–2022 | <0.001 | 4.71 | 3.19 |
T2 | 166 | 127–217 | 354 | 308–407 | <0.001 | 2.13 | |
T3 | 82 | 61–109 | 223 | 183–271 | <0.001 | 2.73 | |
C. Infection-primed residents (R1) | D. Infection-primed staff (S1) | D/C | |||||
T1 | 4279 | 3284–5577 | 2511 | 2087–3021 | 0.029 | 0.59 | 1.05 |
T2 | 1543 | 1194–1993 | 1612 | 1315–1975 | 0.999 | 1.04 | |
T3 | 1100 | 836–1446 | 1698 | 1321–2182 | 0.516 | 1.54 | |
B. Infection-naive staff (S0) | C. Infection-primed residents (R1) | ||||||
T1 | 1685 | 1404–2022 | 4279 | 3284–5577 | <0.001 | 2.54 | 3.94 |
T2 | 354 | 308–407 | 1543 | 1194–1993 | <0.001 | 4.35 | |
T3 | 223 | 183–271 | 1100 | 837–1446 | <0.001 | 4.93 | |
SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive vs. infection-primed NHRs/NHS | |||||||
A. Infection-naive residents (R0) | C. Infection-primed residents (R1) | C/A | |||||
T1 | 358 | 266–481 | 4279 | 3284–5577 | <0.001 | 11.96 | 11.57 |
T2 | 166 | 127–217 | 1543 | 1194–1993 | <0.001 | 9.30 | |
T3 | 82 | 61–109 | 1100 | 837–1446 | <0.001 | 13.46 | |
B. Infection-naive staff (S0) | D. Infection-primed staff (S1) | D/B | |||||
T1 | 1685 | 1404–2022 | 2511 | 2087–3021 | 0.054 | 1.49 | 4.55 |
T2 | 354 | 308–407 | 1612 | 1315–1975 | <0.001 | 4.55 | |
T3 | 223 | 183–271 | 1698 | 1321–2182 | <0.001 | 7.62 | |
No comorbidity vs. ≥1 comorbidity | |||||||
A. Infection-naive residents (R0) | E. Infection-naive residents >1 comorbidity (R0c) | E/A | |||||
T1 | 358 | 266–481 | 236 | 169–331 | 0.999 | 0.66 | 0.65 |
T2 | 166 | 127–217 | 111 | 80–153 | 0.999 | 0.69 | |
T3 | 81 | 61–109 | 50 | 35–71 | 0.651 | 0.61 | |
C. Infection-primed residents (R1) | F. Infection-primed residents >1 comorbidity (R1c) | F/C | |||||
T1 | 4279 | 3284–5577 | 6590 | 5070–8571 | 0.476 | 1.54 | 1.01 |
T2 | 1543 | 1194–1993 | 2329 | 1746–3107 | 0.796 | 1.51 | |
T3 | 1100 | 837–1446 | 1322 | 996–1755 | 0.999 | 1.20 |
Geometric Mean Concentration (IU/mL) | 95% Confidence Interval (IU/mL) | Geometric Mean Concentration (IU/mL) | 95% Confidence Interval (IU/mL) | Adjusted p-Value (IU/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NHRs a with infection <3 months prior to vaccination b,c (n = 92) | NHRs a with infection 3–10 months prior to vaccination b,c (n = 31) | ||||
T1 | 3817 | 2782–5236 | 7033 | 4625–10,697 | 0.274 |
T2 | 1369 | 1017–1843 | 2959 | 2009–4357 | 0.101 |
T3 | 872 | 629–1209 | 2337 | 1592–3430 | 0.005 |
NHS with infection <3 months prior to vaccination b,c (n = 74) | NHS with older infection 3–10 months to prior vaccination b,c (n = 48) | ||||
T1 | 1984 | 1549–2540 | 3559 | 2743–4617 | 0.013 |
T2 | 1213 | 946–1556 | 2300 | 1682–3145 | 0.010 |
T3 | 1265 | 909–1759 | 2380 | 1620–2380 | 0.078 |
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Meyers, E.; De Rop, L.; Engels, F.; Gioveni, C.; Coen, A.; De Burghgraeve, T.; Digregorio, M.; Van Ngoc, P.; De Clercq, N.; Buret, L.; et al. Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines 2024, 12, 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951
Meyers E, De Rop L, Engels F, Gioveni C, Coen A, De Burghgraeve T, Digregorio M, Van Ngoc P, De Clercq N, Buret L, et al. Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines. 2024; 12(8):951. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeyers, Eline, Liselore De Rop, Fien Engels, Claudia Gioveni, Anja Coen, Tine De Burghgraeve, Marina Digregorio, Pauline Van Ngoc, Nele De Clercq, Laëtitia Buret, and et al. 2024. "Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination" Vaccines 12, no. 8: 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951