Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bacterial Vectors Used as Vaccine Candidates
2.1. Main Efforts Using Bacterial-Based Experimental Vaccines
2.2. Deterioration of Immunity Due to Previous Infections with the Bacterial Vector
2.3. Induction of the Immunity in the Presence or Absence of Phagosomal Escape Genes
3. Bacterial-Mediated Cancer Therapy
3.1. Main Efforts to Treat Cancer with Bacterial Vectors
3.2. Clinical Trials Treating Cancer with Bacterial Vectors
4. Vaccination Based on Bacterial Ghosts
4.1. Effectiveness of Bacterial Ghosts Loaded with Therapeutic Nucleic Acids or Drugs
4.2. Cancer Therapy Based on Bacterial Ghosts Harboring DNA
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease | Strain | Encoded Antigen or Strategy | Dosage | Model | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) | S. enteritidis | Polyepitope protein comprising 80 CTL epitopes from subtype A, B and C HIV-1 proteins | Two rectal doses of 108 CFU with a 4-week interval | Murine | [19] |
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) | S. choleraesuis | Cap protein to produce functional VLPs | Two oral doses of 109 CFU with a 3-week interval | Murine | [20] |
SARS-CoV-2 | S. typhimurium | Fusion of SipB160 signal peptide with spike protein to secrete it via TTSS into APC cytosol | Three oral doses of 107 CFU with a 2-week interval | Murine | [5] |
SARS-CoV-2 | S. typhimurium | RBD, HR, M, nsp1, nsp2, nsp3 and nsp4 (nsp13) proteins | Single intramuscular dose of 107 CFU | Murine | [21] |
SARS-CoV-2 | S. typhimurium | Spike protein | Three oral doses of 107 CFU in one-week interval | Murine | [22] |
Leishmania | L. monocytogenes | IL-12 | Single dose of 2 × 106 CFU intraperitoneally or 2 × 105 CFU intravenously | Murine | [23] |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB | M. tuberculosis | BCG-∆ureC::hly Deletion of urease C gene and insertion of listeriolysin O from L. monocytogenes | Two subcutaneous doses of 106 CFU | Murine | [24] |
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) | S. typhimurium | L1 major capsid protein inducing the assembly of VLPs | Nasal administration of 5 × 107 at week 0 and 5 × 108 at week 14 | Murine | [25] |
Shigella sonnei Shigellosis | S. typhi Ty21a | S. sonnei LPS | Three oral doses of 109 CFU within one week | Human | [26] |
S. dysenteriae Shigellosis | S. typhi Ty21a | S. dysenteriae LPS | Two doses of intraperitoneal 5 × 107 CFU | Murine | [27] |
Shigella sonnei Shigellosis | S. typhi Ty21a | O polysaccharide (O-Ps) | Single dose of 5 × 107 CFU | Murine | [28] |
Bacillus anthracis Anthrax | S. typhi Ty21a | PA gene fused to the secretion signal hly | Three intranasal or intraperitoneal doses of 5 × 108 CFU within two weeks | Murine | [29] |
HPV16 | S. typhi Ty21a | L1 major capsid protein inducing the assembly of VLPs | Oral and intranasal single dose of 109 CFU | Murine | [30] |
HPV18 | S. typhi Ty21a | L1 major capsid protein | Single intranasal dose of 5 × 108 CFU | Murine | [31] |
Type of Tumor | Strain | Encoded Gene or Strategy | Vector | Model | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lung cancer | S. typhimurium | CCL21 and survivin | pBudCE4.1 | Murine | [70] |
Melanoma | S. typhimurium | 6MePdR | pEZZ-EGFP | Murine | [71] |
Melanoma | S. choleraesuis | Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) | pTCYTSP-1 | Murine | [95] |
Melanoma | S. typhimurium | YS1646-shSTAT3 and survivin 3342Max | pWSK29 | Murine | [72] |
Melanoma | S. typhimurium | HSV TK | - | Murine | [103] |
Colorectal carcinoma | S. typhimurium | ΔinvG and ΔphoP | Chromosomal deletion | Murine | [73] |
Colorectal carcinoma | S. typhimurium | ΔppGpp | Chromosomal deletion | Murine | [74] |
Breast and colon carcinoma | S. typhimurium | IL-18 & FasL | pGEN206 | Murine | [69] |
Melanoma, colon, breast, and lung carcinoma | S. typhimurium | IL-18 & Fra-1 | pIRES | Murine | [77] |
Neuroblastoma | S. typhimurium | Survivin | pPRIEG7 | Murine | [78] |
Prostate cancer | S. typhi Ty21a | siRNA & si-HIF-1α | - | Murine | [80] |
B-cell lymphoma | S. typhimurium | aroC mutant | Chromosomal deletion | Murine | [82] |
T-cell lymphoma | S. typhi | guaBA mutant | Chromosomal deletion | Murine | [84] |
Melanoma, breast, and colon carcinoma | S. typhimurium | CPG2 | pTrc99A | Murine | [85] |
Type of Tumor | Clinical Trial Number | Objective | Phase | Status | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metastatic pancreatic cancer | NCT04589234 | S. typhimurium harboring IL-2 gene will prolong survival and disease progression. | II | Active, not recruiting | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04589234 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Metastatic cancer | NCT00004988 | Stabilize maximum tolerated dose of attenuated S. typhimurium in a manner that increases tumor localization. | I | Completed Positive results | [103] |
Advanced solid tumors | NCT00006254 | Determine the maximum tolerated dose and minimum effective dose of recombinant S. typhimurium. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00006254 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Hepatic metastasis | NCT01099631 | Determine effective dose and maximum tolerated dose of S. typhimurium harboring IL-2 gene. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01099631 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Refractory solid tumors | NCT05038150 | Assess safety, tolerability and efficacy of S. typhimurium harboring L-methioninase gene. | I and II | Recruiting | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05038150 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Refractory superficial solid tumors | NCT00004216 | Determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety and efficacy of S. typhimurium in solid tumors. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004216 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Advanced solid tumors | NCT05103345 | Assess safety, tolerability and efficacy of S. typhimurium harboring L-methioninase gene. | I and II | Recruiting | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05103345 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Multiple myeloma | NCT03762291 | Assess safety and tolerability of S. typhimurium harboring survivin gene. | I | Active, not recruiting | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03762291 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Neuroblastoma | NCT04049864 | Evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of S. typhimurium harboring neuroblastoma-associated antigen and potato virus X coat protein (PVXCP) genes. | I | Unknown | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04049864 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Refractory solid tumors | NCT01924689 | Evaluate safety and efficacy of Clostridium novyi-NT spores in patients with treatment-refractory solid tumor malignancies. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01924689?cond=NCT01924689%20&rank=1 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Metastatic cancer | NCT00004988 | Evaluate safety and tolerability of S. typhimurium VNP20009 with deletions in the msbB and purI loci in patients with metastatic cancer. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00004988?cond=NCT00004988%20%20&rank=1 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Tumors expressing NY-ESO-1 antigen (cancer-testis Ag) | NCT00623831 | Determine the safety and tolerability of a mixed bacterial vaccine candidate that induced a pyrogenic effect in in subjects with malignant tumors that expressed the NY-ESO-1 antigen. | I | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00623831?cond=NCT00623831%20%20%20&rank=1 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
Rectal cancer | NCT03420443 | Evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum to reduce inflammation and to diminish tissue damage caused by radiation therapy in patients diagnosed with rectal cancer. | II | Completed | https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03420443?cond=NCT03420443%20&rank=1 (accessed on 5 June 2024) |
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Renteria-Flores, F.I.; García-Chagollán, M.; Jave-Suárez, L.F. Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. Vaccines 2024, 12, 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090968
Renteria-Flores FI, García-Chagollán M, Jave-Suárez LF. Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. Vaccines. 2024; 12(9):968. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090968
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenteria-Flores, Francisco Israel, Mariel García-Chagollán, and Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez. 2024. "Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives" Vaccines 12, no. 9: 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090968