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Volume 13
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10.3390/vaccines13010002
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Article

Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice

by
Jaturawitt Prasopsiri
,
Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
,
Benjamas Liwnaree
,
Juggragarn Jengarn
,
Jarin Kramyu
,
Payuda Hansoongnern
,
Papon Muangsanit
,
Nathiphat Tanwattana
,
Challika Kaewborisuth
,
Suttipun Sungsuwan
,
Anan Jongkaewwattana
and
Nanchaya Wanasen
*
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2025, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010002
Submission received: 10 September 2024 / Revised: 4 October 2024 / Accepted: 23 October 2024 / Published: 24 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines)
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Abstract

Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans and currently lacks an approved vaccine. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector is a well-established, safe, and effective platform for vaccine development. With recent advancements in stabilizing coronavirus spike proteins to enhance their antigenicity, this study aimed to determine whether modifications to the MERS-CoV spike protein could improve its presentation on NDV particles, allowing the resulting virus to be used as an inactivated vaccine. Methods: We codon-optimized the gene encoding the ectodomain of the MERS-CoV spike protein and incorporated modifications at the S1/S2 and S2’ cleavage sites, along with a proline substitution at residues V1060-L1061. This modified spike gene was inserted into the NDV genome to create the NDV-SMERS virus. After purification and inactivation, the vaccine’s immunogenicity was assessed in mice. Results: Mice immunized with the inactivated NDV-SMERS vaccine developed robust anti-spike IgGs, neutralizing antibodies, and cellular immune responses. The study demonstrated that modifications to the MERS-CoV spike protein were essential for its effective presentation on NDV particles. Additionally, the spike gene insert remained stable through five egg passages, confirming the vector’s stability. Conclusions: Engineering the MERS-CoV spike protein is crucial for its successful display on NDV particles. The strong immune responses elicited by the NDV-SMERS vaccine in mice highlight that NDV is a promising, safe, and effective platform for MERS-CoV vaccination.
Keywords: Newcastle disease virus; MERS-CoV; vaccine; spike; neutralizing antibody; mouse model Newcastle disease virus; MERS-CoV; vaccine; spike; neutralizing antibody; mouse model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Prasopsiri, J.; Srisutthisamphan, K.; Liwnaree, B.; Jengarn, J.; Kramyu, J.; Hansoongnern, P.; Muangsanit, P.; Tanwattana, N.; Kaewborisuth, C.; Sungsuwan, S.; et al. Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice. Vaccines 2025, 13, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010002

AMA Style

Prasopsiri J, Srisutthisamphan K, Liwnaree B, Jengarn J, Kramyu J, Hansoongnern P, Muangsanit P, Tanwattana N, Kaewborisuth C, Sungsuwan S, et al. Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice. Vaccines. 2025; 13(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prasopsiri, Jaturawitt, Kanjana Srisutthisamphan, Benjamas Liwnaree, Juggragarn Jengarn, Jarin Kramyu, Payuda Hansoongnern, Papon Muangsanit, Nathiphat Tanwattana, Challika Kaewborisuth, Suttipun Sungsuwan, and et al. 2025. "Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice" Vaccines 13, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010002

APA Style

Prasopsiri, J., Srisutthisamphan, K., Liwnaree, B., Jengarn, J., Kramyu, J., Hansoongnern, P., Muangsanit, P., Tanwattana, N., Kaewborisuth, C., Sungsuwan, S., Jongkaewwattana, A., & Wanasen, N. (2025). Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice. Vaccines, 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010002

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