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Volume 13
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10.3390/vaccines13050459
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Article

Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine

by
Anton M. Kostinov
1,*,
Anna Yu. Konishcheva
1,
Andrey D. Protasov
2,
Mikhail P. Kostinov
3,4,
Valentina B. Polishchuk
3,
Alexander V. Zhestkov
5,
Natalia E. Yastrebova
6,
Aristitsa M. Kostinova
4,
Zhanar Sh. Musagulova
7 and
Ekaterina V. Prutskova
8
1
Allergy Diagnostics Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, Russia
2
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University», 443099 Samara, Russia
3
Laboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, Russia
4
Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
5
Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University «Reaviz», 443030 Samara, Russia
6
Laboratory of Immunochemical Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, Russia
7
Almaty City Health Department, State Municipal Enterprise Under the Right of Economic Management «Children’s City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital», Almaty 050026, Kazakhstan
8
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», 432007 Ulyanovsk, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2025, 13(5), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050459
Submission received: 23 March 2025 / Revised: 19 April 2025 / Accepted: 21 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response After Respiratory Infection or Vaccination)
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Abstract

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCV13 on the clinical parameters and the changes over time in the levels of the main cytokines in asthma patients. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, prospective, cohort, controlled study of 31 patients aged 18 to 80 with a known diagnosis of asthma. The study subjects were given one injection of PCV13. Their clinical parameters and serum concentrations of certain Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines were assessed over a year following the vaccination. Results: Compared to the pre-vaccination period, there was an 81.5% reduction in the number of patients with asthma exacerbations (p < 0.001), a 76.5% increase in the number of patients free from hospitalization (p < 0.001), and an improvement in the level of asthma control. Positive changes were observed both in patients with T2-high and T2-low asthma; however, only those with T2-low asthma showed a significant improvement in the level of asthma control. Significant changes were reported for IFN-γ: its serum concentrations increased six weeks following the vaccination (p < 0.05), primarily in patients with T2-high asthma. Conclusions: In asthma patients, immunization with PCV13 was clinically effective, irrespective of the asthma endotype. Its clinical effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rates of exacerbations and hospitalizations and an increase in IFN-γ serum levels. This finding suggests that this cytokine plays an important role in restoring immune response in asthma patients.
Keywords: asthma; pneumococcal vaccine; IFN-γ; cytokines; asthma endotypes; atopy; IgE asthma; pneumococcal vaccine; IFN-γ; cytokines; asthma endotypes; atopy; IgE

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kostinov, A.M.; Konishcheva, A.Y.; Protasov, A.D.; Kostinov, M.P.; Polishchuk, V.B.; Zhestkov, A.V.; Yastrebova, N.E.; Kostinova, A.M.; Musagulova, Z.S.; Prutskova, E.V. Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine. Vaccines 2025, 13, 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050459

AMA Style

Kostinov AM, Konishcheva AY, Protasov AD, Kostinov MP, Polishchuk VB, Zhestkov AV, Yastrebova NE, Kostinova AM, Musagulova ZS, Prutskova EV. Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine. Vaccines. 2025; 13(5):459. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050459

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kostinov, Anton M., Anna Yu. Konishcheva, Andrey D. Protasov, Mikhail P. Kostinov, Valentina B. Polishchuk, Alexander V. Zhestkov, Natalia E. Yastrebova, Aristitsa M. Kostinova, Zhanar Sh. Musagulova, and Ekaterina V. Prutskova. 2025. "Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine" Vaccines 13, no. 5: 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050459

APA Style

Kostinov, A. M., Konishcheva, A. Y., Protasov, A. D., Kostinov, M. P., Polishchuk, V. B., Zhestkov, A. V., Yastrebova, N. E., Kostinova, A. M., Musagulova, Z. S., & Prutskova, E. V. (2025). Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine. Vaccines, 13(5), 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050459

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