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Review

Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

by
Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
1,*,
Oveas Raffiq Parray
1,
Muheet
1,
Riyaz Ahmed Bhat
1,
Qurat Un Nazir
1,
Abrar Ul Haq
1,
Hamid Ullah Malik
1,
Mujeeb Ur Rehman Fazili
1,
Arumugam Gopalakrishnan
2,
Shah Tauseef Bashir
3,
Ruchi Tiwari
4,
Sandip Kumar Khurana
5,
Wanpen Chaicumpa
6 and
Kuldeep Dhama
7,*
1
Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
2
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery 600007, India
3
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
4
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
5
ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, India
6
Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
7
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2019, 7(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030071
Submission received: 11 June 2019 / Revised: 5 July 2019 / Accepted: 12 July 2019 / Published: 23 July 2019
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Abstract

Exploration of novel candidates for vaccine development against Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), has recently gained immense importance due to both the increased number of outbreaks and the alarming risk of transboundary spread of disease. Treatment by antibiotics as the only therapeutic strategy is not a viable option due to pathogen persistence, economic issues, and concerns of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prophylactics or vaccines are becoming important under the current scenario. For quite some time inactivated, killed, or attenuated vaccines proved to be beneficial and provided good immunity up to a year. However, their adverse effects and requirement for larger doses led to the need for production of large quantities of Mccp. This is challenging because the required culture medium is costly and Mycoplasma growth is fastidious and slow. Furthermore, quality control is always an issue with such vaccines. Currently, novel candidate antigens including capsular polysaccharides (CPS), proteins, enzymes, and genes are being evaluated for potential use as vaccines. These have shown potential immunogenicity with promising results in eliciting protective immune responses. Being easy to produce, specific, effective and free from side effects, these novel vaccine candidates can revolutionize vaccination against CCPP. Use of novel proteomic approaches, including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectroscopy, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), bioinformatics, computerized simulation and genomic approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, next-generation sequencing, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), gene expression, and recombinant expression, will further enable recognition of ideal antigenic proteins and virulence genes with vaccination potential.
Keywords: capripneumoniae; contagious caprine pleuropneumonia; genomics; Mycoplasma; proteomics; vaccines capripneumoniae; contagious caprine pleuropneumonia; genomics; Mycoplasma; proteomics; vaccines

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yatoo, M.I.; Parray, O.R.; Muheet; Bhat, R.A.; Nazir, Q.U.; Haq, A.U.; Malik, H.U.; Fazili, M.U.R.; Gopalakrishnan, A.; Bashir, S.T.; et al. Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Vaccines 2019, 7, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030071

AMA Style

Yatoo MI, Parray OR, Muheet, Bhat RA, Nazir QU, Haq AU, Malik HU, Fazili MUR, Gopalakrishnan A, Bashir ST, et al. Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Vaccines. 2019; 7(3):71. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal, Oveas Raffiq Parray, Muheet, Riyaz Ahmed Bhat, Qurat Un Nazir, Abrar Ul Haq, Hamid Ullah Malik, Mujeeb Ur Rehman Fazili, Arumugam Gopalakrishnan, Shah Tauseef Bashir, and et al. 2019. "Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects" Vaccines 7, no. 3: 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030071

APA Style

Yatoo, M. I., Parray, O. R., Muheet, Bhat, R. A., Nazir, Q. U., Haq, A. U., Malik, H. U., Fazili, M. U. R., Gopalakrishnan, A., Bashir, S. T., Tiwari, R., Khurana, S. K., Chaicumpa, W., & Dhama, K. (2019). Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Vaccines, 7(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030071

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