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Volume 9
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10.3390/vaccines9050471
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Article

Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey of Qatari Nationals and Migrants between December 2020 and January 2021

by
Salma M. Khaled
1,2,3,*,
Catalina Petcu
1,
Lina Bader
1,
Iman Amro
1,
Aisha Mohammed H. A. Al-Hamadi
1,
Marwa Al Assi
1,
Amal Awadalla Mohamed Ali
1,
Kien Le Trung
1,
Abdoulaye Diop
1,
Tarek Bellaj
4,
Mohamed H. Al-Thani
5,
Peter W. Woodruff
6,
Majid Alabdulla
7,8 and
Peter M. Haddad
7,8
1
Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
2
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
3
Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
4
College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
5
Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Al Khaleej Street, Rumaila, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
6
Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, The University of Sheffield Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
7
Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O Box 3050, Qatar
8
Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(5), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050471
Submission received: 2 March 2021 / Revised: 18 April 2021 / Accepted: 20 April 2021 / Published: 7 May 2021
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Abstract

Global COVID-19 pandemic containment necessitates understanding the risk of hesitance or resistance to vaccine uptake in different populations. The Middle East and North Africa currently lack vital representative vaccine hesitancy data. We conducted the first representative national phone survey among the adult population of Qatar, between December 2020 and January 2021, to estimate the prevalence and identify potential determinants of vaccine willingness: acceptance (strongly agree), resistance (strongly disagree), and hesitance (somewhat agree, neutral, somewhat disagree). Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations between willingness groups and fifteen variables. In the total sample, 42.7% (95% CI: 39.5–46.1) were accepting, 45.2% (95% CI: 41.9–48.4) hesitant, and 12.1% (95% CI: 10.1–14.4) resistant. Vaccine resistant compared with hesistant and accepting groups reported no endorsement source will increase vaccine confidence (58.9% vs. 5.6% vs. 0.2%, respectively). Female gender, Arab ethnicity, migrant status/type, and vaccine side-effects concerns were associated with hesitancy and resistance. COVID-19 related bereavement, infection, and quarantine status were not significantly associated with any willingness group. Absence of or lack of concern about contracting the virus was solely associated with resistance. COVID-19 vaccine resistance, hesitance, and side-effects concerns are high in Qatar’s population compared with those globally. Urgent public health engagement should focus on women, Qataris (non-migrants), and those of Arab ethnicity.
Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine willingness; hesitancy or refusal; Middle East and North Africa (MENA); Arab; migrant; Qatar COVID-19; vaccine willingness; hesitancy or refusal; Middle East and North Africa (MENA); Arab; migrant; Qatar

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Khaled, S.M.; Petcu, C.; Bader, L.; Amro, I.; Al-Hamadi, A.M.H.A.; Al Assi, M.; Ali, A.A.M.; Le Trung, K.; Diop, A.; Bellaj, T.; et al. Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey of Qatari Nationals and Migrants between December 2020 and January 2021. Vaccines 2021, 9, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050471

AMA Style

Khaled SM, Petcu C, Bader L, Amro I, Al-Hamadi AMHA, Al Assi M, Ali AAM, Le Trung K, Diop A, Bellaj T, et al. Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey of Qatari Nationals and Migrants between December 2020 and January 2021. Vaccines. 2021; 9(5):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050471

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled, Salma M., Catalina Petcu, Lina Bader, Iman Amro, Aisha Mohammed H. A. Al-Hamadi, Marwa Al Assi, Amal Awadalla Mohamed Ali, Kien Le Trung, Abdoulaye Diop, Tarek Bellaj, and et al. 2021. "Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey of Qatari Nationals and Migrants between December 2020 and January 2021" Vaccines 9, no. 5: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050471

APA Style

Khaled, S. M., Petcu, C., Bader, L., Amro, I., Al-Hamadi, A. M. H. A., Al Assi, M., Ali, A. A. M., Le Trung, K., Diop, A., Bellaj, T., Al-Thani, M. H., Woodruff, P. W., Alabdulla, M., & Haddad, P. M. (2021). Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey of Qatari Nationals and Migrants between December 2020 and January 2021. Vaccines, 9(5), 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050471

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