Thermodynamic Considerations on the Biophysical Interaction between Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- : 150.0 mM extracellular, 15.0 mM intracellular;
- : 4.5 mM extracellular, 120.0 mM intracellular;
- : 116.0 mM extracellular, 20.0 mM intracellular;
- : 1.2 mM extracellular, mM intracellular.
- : mV;
- : mV;
- : mV;
- : mV.
3. Results
- The experimental results obtained were repeatable, and the cell’s behaviour was consistent;
- The cancer growth rate is reduced by electromagnetic waves at the cell’s thermal resonant frequency;
- The phenomenon is selective with respect to the frequencies used, as it must be for a resonant process.
Cell Line | Human Cancer | Frequency [Hz] | Growth Change [%] |
---|---|---|---|
A375P | melanoma cell line | 31 | |
HT-29 | colorectal adenocarcinoma | 24 | |
GTL16 | gastric cancer | 14 | |
MCF7 | breast cancer | 5 | |
SKBR3 | breast cancer | 8 | |
MDA-MB-231 | breast cancer | 6 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease | Frequency [Hz] | Key Finding | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Arthritis | 60 | Reduction in pain and inflammation | [99] |
Back pain | 64 | Statistically significant for reducing pain | [100] |
Cancer | 0.1–() | Significant decrease in size of tumour | [81] |
Carpal tunnel | 20 | Statistically significant pain reduction | [101] |
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Lucia, U.; Grisolia, G. Thermodynamic Considerations on the Biophysical Interaction between Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems. Membranes 2024, 14, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14080179
Lucia U, Grisolia G. Thermodynamic Considerations on the Biophysical Interaction between Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems. Membranes. 2024; 14(8):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14080179
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucia, Umberto, and Giulia Grisolia. 2024. "Thermodynamic Considerations on the Biophysical Interaction between Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems" Membranes 14, no. 8: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14080179