The Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Data Collection and Outcomes
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Study Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Non-Elevated NLR a (≤ 5.12) | Elevated NLR a (>5.12) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 1036 | 1036 | |
Sex [Male, n (%)] | 440 (42.5) | 442 (42.7) | 0.965 |
Age (years) (median [IQR b]) | 70.59 [56.79, 81.31] | 76.01 [65.12, 84.61] | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (median [IQR b]) | 26.60 [23.69, 30.87] | 25.70 [22.90, 29.32] | <0.001 |
Temperature—Celsius (median [IQR b]) | 36.80 [36.60, 37.00] | 36.80 [36.60, 37.20] | <0.001 |
Pulse rate—beats per minute (median [IQR b]) | 83.00 [74.00, 95.00] | 89.00 [78.00, 102.00] | <0.001 |
Tachycardia [>100 beats per minute, n (%)] | 172 (16.7) | 283 (27.4) | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure—mmHg (median [IQR b]) | 105.00 [92.00, 118.00] | 97.00 [80.00, 111.00] | <0.001 |
Low systolic blood pressure [<90 mmHg, n (%)] | 201 (19.4) | 373 (36.1) | <0.001 |
Oxygen saturation (median [IQR b]) | 96.00 [94.00, 98.00] | 95.00 [92.00, 97.00] | <0.001 |
Low oxygen saturation [<90%, n (%)] | 96 (9.4) | 170 (16.7) | <0.001 |
Past PE c or DVT d (%) | 124 (12.0) | 143 (13.8) | 0.238 |
Hypertension—n (%) | 438 (42.3) | 491 (47.4) | 0.022 |
Ischemic heart disease—n (%) | 125 (12.1) | 150 (14.5) | 0.120 |
Diabetes mellitus—n (%) | 205 (19.8) | 186 (18.0) | 0.312 |
Cerebrovascular accident—n (%) | 86 (8.3) | 78 (7.5) | 0.569 |
Heart failure—n (%) | 44 (4.2) | 77 (7.4) | 0.003 |
Malignancy—n (%) | 241 (23.3) | 318 (30.7) | <0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation—n (%) | 68 (6.6) | 106 (10.2) | 0.003 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—n (%) | 63 (6.1) | 127 (12.3) | <0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease—n (%) | 72 (6.9) | 88 (8.5) | 0.217 |
Dyslipidemia—n (%) | 279 (26.9) | 297 (28.7) | 0.404 |
Hemoglobin—g/L (median [IQR b]) | 11.99 [10.50, 13.28] | 11.40 [10.04, 12.96] | <0.001 |
Anemia e at presentation—n (%) | 603 (59.0) | 688 (67.5) | <0.001 |
Platelets—109/L (median [IQR b]) | 219.00 [166.00, 284.00] | 214.00 [162.00, 283.00] | 0.767 |
International normalized ratio—n (median [IQR b]) | 1.07 [0.99, 1.18] | 1.11 [1.02, 1.23] | <0.001 |
Creatinine—µmol/L (median [IQR b]) | 0.88 [0.72, 1.10] | 0.94 [0.71, 1.29] | 0.001 |
eGFR f below 60mL/min/1.73m2 at presentation—n (%) | 293 (28.5) | 435 (42.2) | <0.001 |
Troponin I—µg/L (median [IQR b]) | 0.05 [0.03, 0.20] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.19] | 0.940 |
D-dimer—nmol/L (median [IQR b]) | 1580.00 [700.00, 2923.00] | 2062.00 [871.00, 4818.50] | <0.001 |
aOR a for 30-Day Mortality (95% CI b) | p-Value | aOR a for One-Year Mortality (95% CI b) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elevated NLR c (>5.12) | 2.82 (2.14, 3.7) | <0.001 | 2.51 (2.04, 3.08) | <0.001 |
Sex (males versus females) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.721 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.27) | 0.835 |
Age | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | <0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.719 | 1.17 (0.82, 1.69) | 0.388 |
Ischemic heart disease | 1.1 (0.77, 1.56) | 0.614 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.54) | 0.433 |
Heart failure | 1.13 (0.7, 1.82) | 0.628 | 1.03 (0.67, 1.59) | 0.888 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.06 (0.69, 1.62) | 0.796 | 1.06 (0.73, 1.55) | 0.764 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.19 (0.87, 1.63) | 0.278 | 1.41 (1.08, 1.84) | 0.011 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 1.03 (0.67, 1.6) | 0.884 | 0.94 (0.65, 1.35) | 0.735 |
Hypertension | 1.04 (0.79, 1.37) | 0.804 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.626 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.87 (0.59, 1.31) | 0.51 | 1.25 (0.89, 1.76) | 0.19 |
Malignancy | 1.72 (1.31, 2.25) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.71, 4.27) | <0.001 |
Low systolic blood pressure | 2.82 (2.19, 3.64) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.43, 2.23) | <0.001 |
Non-Elevated NLR a (≤5.12) | Elevated NLR a (>5.12) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 1036 | 1036 | |
Length of hospital stay (median [IQR b]) | 3.09 [1.67, 7.45] | 5.84 [2.81, 13.99] | <0.001 |
In-hospital mortality (%) | 35 (3.4) | 149 (14.4) | <0.001 |
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Efros, O.; Beit Halevi, T.; Meisel, E.; Soffer, S.; Barda, N.; Cohen, O.; Kenet, G.; Lubetsky, A. The Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184058
Efros O, Beit Halevi T, Meisel E, Soffer S, Barda N, Cohen O, Kenet G, Lubetsky A. The Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(18):4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184058
Chicago/Turabian StyleEfros, Orly, Tal Beit Halevi, Eshcar Meisel, Shelly Soffer, Noam Barda, Omri Cohen, Gili Kenet, and Aharon Lubetsky. 2021. "The Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18: 4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184058