SARS-CoV-2 in Urine May Predict a Severe Evolution of COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scoring System | |||
---|---|---|---|
Score 1 | Score 2 | Score 3 | |
Lymphocytes (>1000 cell/mmc) | 601–1000 | 401–600 | <400 |
CRP (<5 mg) | >10 x n.v. | >20 x n.v. | <25 x n.v. |
P/F ratio | ≥250 | 250–150 | <150 |
CT Scan Score * | <10/25 | 11–18/25 | >18/25 |
Fever for more than 3 days | <38 °C | 38–39 °C | >39 °C |
Dyspnea | mild | moderate | severe |
Variables | Total | Urine Negative (Acute Infection) | Urine Positive (Acute Infection) |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 60) | (n = 53) | (n = 7) | |
Demographic data | |||
Age (years) Sex | 68 ± 5 | 65 ± 6 | 67 ± 3 |
Male | 16 (84%) | 9 (75%) | 7 (100%) |
Female | 3 (16%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
Smoking history | |||
Yes | 13 (68%) | 7 (58%) | 6 (86%) |
No | 6 (32%) | 5 (42%) | 1 (14%) |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 12 | 4 | 2 |
Diabetes | 6 | 3 | 1 |
Cardiovascular disease | 8 | 4 | 3 |
Chronic liver disease | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Chronic lung disease | 4 | 2 | 0 |
Chronic kidney | 3 | 0 | 0 |
disease Cancer | 5 | 2 | 1 |
Immunocompromising conditions | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Signs and symptoms | |||
Fever | 12 | 8 | 4 |
Cough | 9 | 6 | 3 |
Fatigue | 8 | 3 | 5 |
Diarrhea | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Shortness of breath | 13 | 9 | 4 |
Laboratory findings | 5.753 (±204) | 6.355 (±159) | 4.673 (±109) |
WBC (cells/mmc) | 1530 (±71) | 996 (±52) | 628 (±64) |
Lymphocyte (cells/mmc) | 4.0 (5.2) | 4.3 (4.2) | 3.2 (14.2) |
NLR (Neutropylete/lymphocyte ratio) | 88.1 | 72.1 | 85 |
CRP (mg/L) | 25 (±15) | 24 (±11) | 35 (±12) |
AST (U/L < 50) | 267 (±43) | 312 (±15) | 318 (±29) |
ALT (U/L < 40) | 273 (±159) | 300 (±192) | 234 (±711) |
LDH (U/L < 250) | 602 (±117) | 425 (±231) | 835 (±194) |
Fibrinogen (ng/mL) | 2.6 (4.9) | 3.2 (7.6) | 1.8 (3.4) |
D-dimer (ng/mL) | 257 (12.1) | 28.4 (9.4) | 22.2 (5.4) |
Creatinine Clearance (MDRD 6 variable) | 62 ± 2 mL/min | 61 ± 2 mL/min | 58 ± 3 mL/min |
Ct 4 gens mean value of RT-PCR | 20.8 | 18.2 | 21.3 |
Respiratory Function | 25 (±15) | 24 (±11) | 35 (±12) |
P/F Ratio | 172 ± 14 | 170 ± 12 | 145 ± 22 |
NIV (Non-Invasive ventilation) (as %) | 44% | 45% | 43% |
Venturi Mask (as %) | 32% | 40% | 0% |
Intubation (as %) | 24% | 15% | 57% |
CT scan findings | |||
T Score Wang (x/24) | 19/24 (±1) | 18/254 (±1) | 21/24 (±2) |
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Perrella, A.; Brita, M.; Coletta, F.; Cotena, S.; De Marco, G.; Longobardi, A.; Sala, C.; Sannino, D.; Tomasello, A.; Perrella, M.; et al. SARS-CoV-2 in Urine May Predict a Severe Evolution of COVID-19. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184061
Perrella A, Brita M, Coletta F, Cotena S, De Marco G, Longobardi A, Sala C, Sannino D, Tomasello A, Perrella M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 in Urine May Predict a Severe Evolution of COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(18):4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184061
Chicago/Turabian StylePerrella, Alessandro, Mario Brita, Francesco Coletta, Simona Cotena, GiamPaola De Marco, Adele Longobardi, Crescenzo Sala, Dania Sannino, Antonio Tomasello, Marco Perrella, and et al. 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 in Urine May Predict a Severe Evolution of COVID-19" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18: 4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184061