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Article

Underdiagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes in Hemodialysis Patients: The Need for Screening and Patient Education

by
Wojciech Orzechowski
1,
Wiktor Buczek
2,
Joanna Emma Szczerba
3,
Ryszard Gellert
4,
Andrzej Rydzewski
5,
Bartosz Fiderkiewicz
5,
Paweł Żebrowski
6,
Dorota Daniewska
4 and
Andrzej Kokoszka
2,*
1
Psychiatry Day Ward, Mazowiecki Brodnowski Hospital, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
2
II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
3
Psychiatry Ward, Mazowiecki Brodnowski Hospital, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
6
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4109; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184109
Submission received: 30 July 2021 / Revised: 6 September 2021 / Accepted: 6 September 2021 / Published: 11 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Countering Atherosclerosis in the Clinical Arena in 2020. Mechanistic and Therapeutic Advancements in Chronic Kidney Disease)
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Abstract

This article aims to identify the reasons why patients with major depressive episode (MDE) do not seek treatment for their mental disorder. 89 out of 208 persons screened were diagnosed with major depressive episode using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. 85 individuals with untreated depression filled out the following questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory, List of Explanations of Well-Being (LEWB), Brief Measure to Assess Perception of Self-Influence on the Course of the Disease, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Brief Method of Evaluating Coping with Disease, and Metacognitions Questionnaire. There were 43 women (50.6%) and 42 men (49.4%), aged 24 to 93 years (Mean (M) = 68.26 years; Standard Deviation (SD) = 14.19 years), with dialysis vintage ranging from 1 month to 33 years (M = 70.63 months; SD = 75.26 months). Among study patients, 70.6% declared that depression was the cause of their poor well-being, 75.3% attributed their depressive symptoms to kidney failure, and 49.4%, more specifically, to hemodialysis. A total of 64.7% of patients had a low perception of self-influence on the course of their kidney disease, and 58.5% presented a coping style focused on emotions. The most frequent dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs were negative beliefs about not controlling one’s own thoughts. This attitude was related to the low perception of self-influence on the course of the disease, maladaptive coping styles, and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs.
Keywords: hemodialysis; depression; major depressive episode; MDE; major depressive disorder; MDD; nonadherence; compliance; conformance; treatment refusal hemodialysis; depression; major depressive episode; MDE; major depressive disorder; MDD; nonadherence; compliance; conformance; treatment refusal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Orzechowski, W.; Buczek, W.; Szczerba, J.E.; Gellert, R.; Rydzewski, A.; Fiderkiewicz, B.; Żebrowski, P.; Daniewska, D.; Kokoszka, A. Underdiagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes in Hemodialysis Patients: The Need for Screening and Patient Education. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184109

AMA Style

Orzechowski W, Buczek W, Szczerba JE, Gellert R, Rydzewski A, Fiderkiewicz B, Żebrowski P, Daniewska D, Kokoszka A. Underdiagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes in Hemodialysis Patients: The Need for Screening and Patient Education. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(18):4109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184109

Chicago/Turabian Style

Orzechowski, Wojciech, Wiktor Buczek, Joanna Emma Szczerba, Ryszard Gellert, Andrzej Rydzewski, Bartosz Fiderkiewicz, Paweł Żebrowski, Dorota Daniewska, and Andrzej Kokoszka. 2021. "Underdiagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes in Hemodialysis Patients: The Need for Screening and Patient Education" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18: 4109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184109

APA Style

Orzechowski, W., Buczek, W., Szczerba, J. E., Gellert, R., Rydzewski, A., Fiderkiewicz, B., Żebrowski, P., Daniewska, D., & Kokoszka, A. (2021). Underdiagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes in Hemodialysis Patients: The Need for Screening and Patient Education. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(18), 4109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184109

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