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Review

The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention

by
Francesca Mantovani
1,
Andrea Barbieri
2,
Alessandro Albini
2,
Niccolò Bonini
2,
Diego Fanti
3,
Simone Fezzi
3,
Martina Setti
3,
Andrea Rossi
3,
Flavio Ribichini
3 and
Giovanni Benfari
3,*
1
Division of Cardiology, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
2
Division of Cardiology, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, Policlinico University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
3
Section of Cardiology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(19), 4364; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194364
Submission received: 25 July 2021 / Revised: 10 September 2021 / Accepted: 20 September 2021 / Published: 24 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Application of Echocardiography)
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Abstract

The combination of aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with degenerative valvular disease. It is characterized by having complex pathophysiology, leading to potential diagnostic pitfalls. Evidence is scarce in the literature to direct the diagnostic framework and treatment of patients with this particular combination of multiple valvular diseases. In this complex scenario, the appropriate use of advanced echocardiography and multimodality imaging methods plays a central role. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement or repair and transcatheter aortic valve replacement widen the surgical options for valve diseases. Therefore, there is an increasing need to reconsider the function, timing, and mode intervention for patients with a combination of AS with MR towards more personalized treatment.
Keywords: aortic stenosis; mitral regurgitation; combined heart valve disease; echocardiography; diagnosis; treatment aortic stenosis; mitral regurgitation; combined heart valve disease; echocardiography; diagnosis; treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mantovani, F.; Barbieri, A.; Albini, A.; Bonini, N.; Fanti, D.; Fezzi, S.; Setti, M.; Rossi, A.; Ribichini, F.; Benfari, G. The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194364

AMA Style

Mantovani F, Barbieri A, Albini A, Bonini N, Fanti D, Fezzi S, Setti M, Rossi A, Ribichini F, Benfari G. The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(19):4364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194364

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mantovani, Francesca, Andrea Barbieri, Alessandro Albini, Niccolò Bonini, Diego Fanti, Simone Fezzi, Martina Setti, Andrea Rossi, Flavio Ribichini, and Giovanni Benfari. 2021. "The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19: 4364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194364

APA Style

Mantovani, F., Barbieri, A., Albini, A., Bonini, N., Fanti, D., Fezzi, S., Setti, M., Rossi, A., Ribichini, F., & Benfari, G. (2021). The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(19), 4364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194364

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