Prevalence of Sarcopenia Employing Population-Specific Cut-Points: Cross-Sectional Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, Australia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Population-Specific Cut-Points
2.5. Sarcopenia Ascertainment
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Sarcopenia Prevalence in Men Compared with Women
3.3. Age-Standardized Estimates of Sarcopenia
3.4. Agreement
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
Abbreviations
ALM | Appendicular lean mass |
ANZSSFR | Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research |
BMI | Body mass index |
CI | Confidence interval |
DXA | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
EWGSOP | European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People |
FNIH | Foundation for the National Institutes of Health |
GOS | Geelong Osteoporosis Study |
GS | Gait speed |
HGS | Handgrip strength |
TUG | Timed up-and-go |
ROC | Receiver operating characteristic |
Appendix A
References
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Population-Specific Cut-Points | ||
---|---|---|
Women | Men | |
ALM/height2 + HGS | <5.30 kg/m2 + <16 kg | <6.94 kg/m2 + <31 kg |
ALM/height2 + TUG | <5.30 kg/m2 + >9.3 s | <6.94 kg/m2 + >9.3 s |
ALM/height2 + GS | - | <6.94 kg/m2 + <0.8 m/s |
ALM/BMI + HGS | <0.512 m2 + <16 kg | <0.827 m2 + <31 kg |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS | <0.579 m2 + <16 kg | 0.913 m2 + <31 kg |
International Cut-Points | ||
ALM/height2EWGSOP1 + HGS (3) | <5.67 kg/m2 + <20 kg | <7.23 kg/m2 + <30 kg |
ALM/height2EWGSOP1 + GS (3) | - | <7.23 kg/m2 + <0.8 m/s |
ALM/height2EWGSOP2 + HGS (5) | <5.5 kg/m2 + <16 kg | <7.0 kg/m2 + <27 kg |
ALM/height2EWGSOP2 + TUG (5) | <5.5 kg/m2 + >20 s | <7.0 kg/m2 + >20 s |
ALM/BMIFNIH + HGS (4) | <0.512 m2 + <16 kg | <0.789 m2 + <26 kg |
Women (n = 323) | Men (n = 342) | |
---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 70 (64–75) | 70 (66–78) |
Weight (kg) | 74.0 (±15.4) | 83.9 (±13.8) |
Height (m) | 1.59 (±0.06) | 1.73 (±0.07) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (±5.8) | 28.0 (±4.1) |
HGS (kg) | 21 (±6) | 36 (±6) |
ALM/height2 (kg/m2) | 6.60 (±0.79) | 8.25 (±0.93) |
ALM/BMI (m2) | 0.593 (±0.102) | 0.888 (±0.124) |
TUG (s) | 9.1 (7.9–10.8) | 9.2 (8.0–10.7) |
Gait speed (m/s) | - | 0.9 (±0.2) |
Criteria | 60–69 yr | 70–79 yr | ≥80 yr | All | Standardized Prevalence | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | n = 151 | n = 124 | n = 48 | n = 323 | ||||
n, %, | 95%CI | n, %, | 95%CI | n, %, | 95%CI | n, %, | Mean (%, 95%CI) | |
ALM/height2 + HGS | 0 (0) | - | 2 (1.6) | - | 1 (2.1) | - | 3 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.2–1.6) |
ALM/height2 + TUG | 3 (2.0) | 0.6–5.6 | 3(2.4) | 0.7–6.7 | 2 (4.3) | 0.9–13.9 | 8 (2.7) | 2.5 (0.8–4.3) |
ALM/BMI + HGS | 3 (2.0) | 0.6–5.5 | 5 (4.0) | 1.6–8.9 | 8 (16.7) | 8.2–29.3 | 16 (5.0) | 5.5 (3.1–7.9) |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS | 5 (3.3) | 1.3–7.7 | 8 (6.5) | 3.3–12.4 | 16 (33.3) | 21.5–47.7 | 29 (9.0) | 10.4 (7.2–13.6) |
Severe sarcopenia | ||||||||
ALM/height2 + HGS + TUG | 1 (0.8) | - | 1 (2.1) | - | 1 (2.1) | - | 2 (0.6) | 1.0 (0–2.1) |
ALM/BMI + HGS + TUG | 2 (1.3) | 0.3–5.2 | 3 (2.4) | 0.7–7.2 | 8 (17.0) | 8.7–30.5 | 13 (4.1) | 4.8 (2.6–6.9) |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS + TUG | 4 (2.7) | 1.0–6.9 | 5 (4.0) | 1.7–9.3 | 15 (31.9) | 20.2–46.4 | 24 (7.5) | 8.9 (6.0–11.8) |
Men | n = 152 | n = 117 | n = 73 | n = 342 | ||||
ALM/height2 + HGS | 0 (0) | - | 3 (2.6) | - | 8 (11.1) | - | 11 (3.2) | 2.9 (1.8–4.0) |
ALM/height2 + TUG | 2 (1.3) | 0.3–4.6 | 1 (0.9) | 0.09–4.8 | 12 (16.4) | 9.3–26.3 | 15 (4.4) | 4.1 (2.4–5.8) |
ALM/height2 + GS | 0 | - | 0 | - | 6 (8.3) | - | 6 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.0–2.2) |
ALM/BMI + HGS | 4 (2.6) | 0.9–6.4 | 13 (11.2) | 6.4–18.0 | 26 (36.1) | 25.7–47.6 | 43 (12.6) | 11.6 (8.6–14.5) |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS | 13 (8.6) | 5.0–14.2 | 21 (18.1) | 12.1–26.1 | 33 (45.8) | 34.7–57.4 | 67 (19.7) | 18.4 (14.3–22.4) |
Severe sarcopenia | ||||||||
ALM/height2 + HGS + TUG | 0 | - | 0 | - | 7 (9.7%) | - | 7 (2.1) | 1.9 (1.3–2.5) |
ALM/BMI + HGS + TUG | 2 (1.3) | 0.3–5.2 | 9 (7.8) | 4.1–14.2 | 25 (34.7) | 24.7–46.4 | 36 (10.7) | 9.5 (7.0–12.0) |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS + TUG | 4 (2.7) | 1.0–6.9 | 14 (12.1) | 7.3–19.4 | 32 (44.4) | 33.4–56.0 | 50 (14.8) | 13.4 (10.3–16.6) |
Women | ALM/height2EWGSOP1 + HGS | ALM/height2 EWGSOP2 + HGS | ALM/BMI FNIH + HGS | ALM/height2 + HGS | ALM/height2 + TUG | ALM/BMI + HGS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALM/height2 + HGS | 0.2 (0.0–0.5) | 0.4 (0.0–0.7) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.2) | - | ||||
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | |||||
ALM/height2 + TUG | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.4 (0–0.7) | - | |||
p-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.32 | <0.001 | ||||
ALM/BMI + HGS | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.2) | - | ||
p-value | 0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.3 | |||
ALM/BMIROC + HGS | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | ||
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 | <0.001 | ||
Men | ALM/height2 EWGSOP1 + HGS | ALM/height2 EWGSOP1 + GS | ALM/height2 EWGSOP2 + HGS | ALM/BMI FNIH + HGS | ALM/height2 + HGS | ALM/height2 + TUG | ALM/heigh2 + GS | ALM/BMI + HGS |
ALM/height2 + HGS | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) | 0.1 (-0.1–0.3) | - | |||
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.13 | ||||
ALM/height2 + TUG | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.2) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | - | ||
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.26 | <0.001 | |||
ALM/height2 + GS | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.5 (0.1–0.8) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.3) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | - | |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
ALM/BMI + HGS | 0.2 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.02 (0.0–0.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.0, (−0.8–0.2) | 0.07 (0–0.2) | - |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.39 | 0.09 | |
ALM/BMIROC + HGS | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.0–0.3) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.172 | 0.182 | 0.02 | <0.001 |
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Sui, S.X.; Holloway-Kew, K.L.; Hyde, N.K.; Williams, L.J.; Tembo, M.C.; Leach, S.; Pasco, J.A. Prevalence of Sarcopenia Employing Population-Specific Cut-Points: Cross-Sectional Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, Australia. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020343
Sui SX, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK, Williams LJ, Tembo MC, Leach S, Pasco JA. Prevalence of Sarcopenia Employing Population-Specific Cut-Points: Cross-Sectional Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, Australia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(2):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020343
Chicago/Turabian StyleSui, Sophia X., Kara L. Holloway-Kew, Natalie K. Hyde, Lana J. Williams, Monica C. Tembo, Sarah Leach, and Julie A. Pasco. 2021. "Prevalence of Sarcopenia Employing Population-Specific Cut-Points: Cross-Sectional Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, Australia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020343