Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Healthy Controls (Siblings)
2.3. Laboratory Tests
2.4. Intelligence
2.5. Experimental Tasks
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Psychometric Measurements fMRI Task
3.2. Imaging Data
3.3. Imaging Data Combined with Endocrine and Metabolic Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Laboratory Parameter | Lab Method | Company | Lower Limit of Quantitation | Mean intra-Assay % CV | Reference Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 | Immunometric assay, Luminescence | Immulite 2500 ® laboratory assay, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, USA | sex- and age-specific | ||
Insulin | Immunometric assay, Luminescence | Advia Centaur, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, USA | 10 pmol/L | 20 pmol/L: 4% 500 pmol/L: 3% 500 pmol/L: 4% | 12–96 pmol/L * |
Adiponectin | Radioimmunoassay | Linco Research Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA | 0.5 mg/L | whole range: 5% | 0.8–48 mg/L |
Ghrelin | Radioimmunoassay | Linco Research Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA | 240 ng/L | whole range: 4% | 800–3000 ng/L |
Leptin | Radioimmunoassay | Linco Research Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA | 0.5 μg/L | 5 μg/L: 8%25 μg/L: 3% | Men **: 2.5–8 μg/L Women **: 4.5–16 μg/L |
Resistin | Immnometric assay (colorimetric) | BioVendor Laboratory Medicine, INC, Modrice, Czech Republic | 0.8 ng/ml | whole range: 5% | 4.1–12.1 ng/ml |
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PWS | Controls | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Group (n = 12) | Men (n = 4) | Women (n = 8) | Total Group (n = 14) | Men (n = 7) | Women (n = 7) | |||||||
Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | |
Age (years) | 22.9 | 14.5 | 26.6 | 18.3 | 22.3 | 14.6 | 28.5 | 18.0 | 28.4 | 17.4 | 28.7 | 20.1 |
Height (m) | 1.57 * | 0.11 | 1.60 | 0.09 | 1.54 | 0.10 | 1.77 | 0.17 | 1.86 | 0.07 | 1.69 | 0.05 |
Weight (kg) | 69.9 | 36.1 | 67.9 | 32.9 | 77.7 | 39.5 | 73.1 | 15,9 | 79.1 | 15.9 | 65.2 | 14.1 |
BMI (kg/m²) | 29.8 * | 17.4 | 26.1 | 13.2 | 34.3 | 19.1 | 22.4 | 4.6 | 22.7 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 5.8 |
IGF-1 (nmol/L) | 15.4 ** | 7.3 | 16.0 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 9.5 | 21.8 | 11.6 | 21.4 | 14.2 | 22.1 | 10.5 |
IGF-1 Z-score (SDS) | −1.9 ** | 1.1 | −1.5 | 1.24 | −1.95 | 0.90 | −0.79 | 1.1 | −1.00 | 1.1 | −0.76 | 1.7 |
Adiponectin (mg/L) | 14.2 | 6.3 | 13.2 | 9.1 | 14.2 | 5.1 | ||||||
Ghrelin (ng/L) | 2118 | 2381 | 2118 | 2201 | 2151 | 2425 | ||||||
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.1 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 4.0 | 1.1 | ||||||
Insulin (pmol/L) | 31.0 | 31.2 | 37.2 | 179.1 | 28.2 | 31.6 | ||||||
Leptin (µg/L) | 23.2 | 30.7 | 20.1 | 38.7 | 29.0 | 30.7 | ||||||
Resistin (ng/mL) | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 3.7 | ||||||
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.80 | 0.3 | 1.75 | 2.6 | 0.80 | 0.4 | ||||||
IQ GIT | 41 ** | 12 | 40 | 3 | 43 | 18 | 87 | 35 | 93 | 48 | 85 | 20 |
IQ RAVEN | 65 ** | 10 | 70 | 15 | 65 | 10 | 110 | 17 | 110 | 16 | 119 | 25 |
% correct encoding baseline | 100 | 24 | 100 | 0 | ||||||||
% correct encoding non-food | 76 ** | 45 | 96 | 5 | ||||||||
% correct encoding food | 61 ** | 25 | 79 | 16 | ||||||||
RT correct encoding baseline (ms) | 1209 ** | 654 | 680 | 209 | ||||||||
RT correct encoding non-food (ms) | 1676 ** | 489 | 1075 | 399 | ||||||||
RT correct encoding food (ms) | 1747 ** | 615 | 1233 | 658 | ||||||||
% correct retrieval baseline | 96 ** | 29 | 100 | 0 | ||||||||
% correct retrieval non-food new | 89 * | 62 | 96 | 4 | ||||||||
% correct retrieval non-food old | 63 ** | 26 | 83 | 14 | ||||||||
% correct retrieval food new | 86 | 46 | 94 | 6 | ||||||||
% correct retrieval food old | 39 ** | 41 | 73 | 35 | ||||||||
RT correct retrieval baseline (ms) | 1065 ** | 651 | 718 | 148 | ||||||||
RT correct retrieval non-food new (ms) | 1260 | 317 | 1238 | 444 | ||||||||
RT correct retrieval non-food old (ms) | 1676 * | 892 | 1353 | 333 | ||||||||
RT correct retrieval food new (ms) | 1347 | 327 | 1307 | 383 | ||||||||
RT correct retrieval food old (ms) | 1476 | 1225 | 1621 | 454 |
ROI | MNI-Coordinates | k | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | y | z | ||||
R occipital cortex | 39 | –81 | 9 | 5367 | 7.19 | <0.0001 |
L occipital cortex | –39 | –81 | –12 | 5367 | 6.55 | <0.0001 |
R fusiform cortex | 33 | –45 | –12 | 5367 | 7.32 | <0.0001 |
L fusiform cortex | –33 | –51 | –15 | 5367 | 6.63 | <0.0001 |
R dorsomedial prefrontal cortex | 6 | 21 | 48 | 385 | 5.31 | 0.003 |
R insula | 36 | 24 | 0 | 443 | 5.07 | 0.009 |
R dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 45 | 6 | 33 | 443 | 5.13 | 0.007 |
L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | –51 | 9 | 30 | 298 | 5.34 | 0.001 |
L insula | –30 | 24 | 3 | 199 | 5.29 | 0.003 |
Controls > PWS Patients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ROI | MNI-Coordinates | k | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
x | y | z | ||||
R fusiform gyrus | 33 | –45 | –18 | 13 | 4.18 | 0.003 |
L fusiform gyrus | –33 | –57 | –21 | 36 | 3.69 | 0.013 |
L insula | –33 | 24 | –3 | 20 | 4.06 | 0.004 |
PWS patients > controls | ||||||
No significant voxels |
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Nieuwpoort, I.C.v.; Slagboom, T.N.A.; Jakobsdóttir, S.; Deijen, J.B.; Veltman, D.J.; Curfs, L.M.G.; Drent, M.L. Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215133
Nieuwpoort ICv, Slagboom TNA, Jakobsdóttir S, Deijen JB, Veltman DJ, Curfs LMG, Drent ML. Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(21):5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215133
Chicago/Turabian StyleNieuwpoort, Ingrid Caroline van, Tessa N. A. Slagboom, Sigridur Jakobsdóttir, Jan Berend Deijen, Dick J. Veltman, Leopold M. G. Curfs, and Madeleine L. Drent. 2021. "Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21: 5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215133