Adolescent, Pregnant, and HIV-Infected: Risk of Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Young Women from Southern Mozambique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Sources
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Study Area
2.4. Study Variables
2.5. Data Cleaning and Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Age in Years (Categories) N = 2352 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤19 n = 729 | 20–24 n = 628 | ≥25 n = 995 | |||
Demographic and clinical data | |||||
HIV status 1 | Infected | 101 (14) | 195 (31) | 397 (40) | <0.001 |
Uninfected | 628 (86) | 433 (69) | 598 (60) | ||
Gravidity 1 | Primigravidae | 550 (75) | 89 (14) | 16 (2) | <0.001 |
Multigravidas | 179 (25) | 539 (86) | 979 (98) | ||
Weight at baseline (in kg) 2 | 58.1 (7.0) | 59.4 (7.8) | 62.3 (10.2) | <0.001 | |
Gestational age at recruitment 2 | 21.1 (4.6) | 21.3 (5.0) | 21.7 (4.9) | 0.09 | |
Anaemia (<11 g/dl Hb) 1 | Yes | 401 (55) | 331 (53) | 544 (55) | 0.66 |
No | 328 (45) | 297 (48) | 451 (45) | ||
MUAC at baseline 1 | Normal | 698 (96) | 616 (98) | 981 (99) | <0.001 |
Lower or equal to 22 | 31 (4) | 12 (2) | 14 (1) | ||
Literacy 1 | Literate | 592 (81) | 425 (68) | 548 (55) | <0.001 |
Illiterate | 137 (19) | 203 (32) | 447 (45) | ||
Data origin | |||||
Trial 1 | Menéndez et al. 2008 | 216 (30) | 209 (33) | 256 (26) | <0.001 |
González et al. 2014 (I) | 451 (62) | 276 (44) | 415 (42) | ||
González et al. 2014 (II) | 62 (9) | 143 (23) | 324 (33) | ||
Study arm 1 | Placebo | 132 (18) | 171 (27) | 295 (30) | <0.001 |
MQ | 326 (45) | 262 (42) | 438 (44) | ||
SP | 271 (37) | 195 (31) | 262 (26) |
Variable | Study Outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital Admissions during Pregnancy n = 2352 | Outpatient Visits during Pregnancy n = 2352 | ||||
Univariable analyses | |||||
IRR (95% CI) | p-value | IRR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 1.39 (1.04–1.87) | 0.03 | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | 0.28 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.001 |
20–24 | 0.60 (0.41–0.87) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | |||
≥25 | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | |||
Multivariable analysis | |||||
IRR (95% CI) | p-value | IRR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 1.28 (0.90–1.81) | 0.17 | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | <0.05 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | 0.02 |
20–24 | 0.55 (0.37–0.80) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | |||
≥25 | 0.60 (0.42–0.85) | 0.76 (0.63–0.92) |
Variable | Study Outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miscarriages n = 2352 | Stillbirths n = 2352 | ||||
Univariable analyses | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 1.38 (0.70–2.71) | 0.35 | 1.84 (1.14–2.97) | 0.01 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | 0.30 | 1 | 0.73 |
20–24 | 1.16 (0.45–3.03) | 0.99 (0.52–1.89) | |||
≥25 | 1.78 (0.80–3.99) | 1.20 (0.69–2.10) | |||
Multivariable analysis | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 0.93 (0.39–2.25) | 0.87 | 1.74 (0.99–3.04) | 0.05 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.78 |
20–24 | 1.10 (0.40–3.03) | 0.92 (0.47–1.79) | |||
≥25 | 1.91 (0.78–4.67) | 1.13 (0.62–2.06) |
Variable | Study Outcome | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Birth Weight n = 2299 | Small for Gestational Age n = 2045 | Premature Births n = 2045 | |||||
Univariable analyses | |||||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 1.09 (0.80–1.48) | 0.58 | 0.93 (0.74–1.16) | 0.50 | 0.99 (0.64–1.51) | 0.95 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
20–24 | 0.42 (0.29–0.61) | 0.52 (0.40–0.68) | 0.42 (0.24–0.71) | ||||
≥25 | 0.39 (0.28–0.55) | 0.46 (0.37–0.59) | 0.52 (0.34–0.79) | ||||
Multivariable analysis | |||||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
HIV status 1 | 1.52 (1.07–2.16) | 0.02 | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 0.47 | 1.34 (0.83–2.16) | 0.23 | |
Age in years | ≤19 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.01 |
20–24 | 0.40 (0.27–0.59) | 0.50 (0.38–0.65) | 0.42 (0.24–0.72) | ||||
≥25 | 0.37 (0.26–0.53) | 0.43 (0.34–0.56) | 0.51 (0.32–0.82) |
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Pons-Duran, C.; Casellas, A.; Bardají, A.; Valá, A.; Sevene, E.; Quintó, L.; Macete, E.; Menéndez, C.; González, R. Adolescent, Pregnant, and HIV-Infected: Risk of Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Young Women from Southern Mozambique. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081564
Pons-Duran C, Casellas A, Bardají A, Valá A, Sevene E, Quintó L, Macete E, Menéndez C, González R. Adolescent, Pregnant, and HIV-Infected: Risk of Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Young Women from Southern Mozambique. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(8):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081564
Chicago/Turabian StylePons-Duran, Clara, Aina Casellas, Azucena Bardají, Anifa Valá, Esperança Sevene, Llorenç Quintó, Eusebio Macete, Clara Menéndez, and Raquel González. 2021. "Adolescent, Pregnant, and HIV-Infected: Risk of Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Young Women from Southern Mozambique" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8: 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081564