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Article

Impact of Isolated High Home Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study

by
Nobuko Kitagawa
1,†,
Noriyuki Kitagawa
1,2,†,
Emi Ushigome
1,*,
Hidetaka Ushigome
3,
Isao Yokota
4,
Naoko Nakanishi
1,
Masahide Hamaguchi
1,
Mai Asano
1,
Masahiro Yamazaki
1 and
Michiaki Fukui
1
1
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
2
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, Kyoto 621-8585, Japan
3
Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
4
Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Address: 465, Kajii cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(9), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091929
Submission received: 16 March 2021 / Revised: 22 April 2021 / Accepted: 26 April 2021 / Published: 29 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges and Advances in Atherosclerosis)
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Abstract

Background: A previous 2-year cohort study has shown that isolated high home systolic blood pressure (IH-HSBP) may increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy, using normal HBP as a reference. However, this association has not been previously assessed in the medium to long term. Methods: This prospective 5-year cohort study of 424 patients, with normal or mildly increased albuminuria, investigated the effect of IH-HSBP on the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as an advancement from normal or mildly increased albuminuira to moderate or severely increased albuminuria. Results: Among 424 patients, 75 developed diabetic nephropathy during the study period. The adjusted odds ratio for developing diabetic nephropathy given IH-HSBP was 2.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.96, p = 0.02). The odds ratio for developing nephropathy in patients with IH-HSBP younger than 65 years was higher than that in patients with IH-HSBP older than 65 years. Conclusion: IH-HSBP was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal or mildly increased albuminuria in the medium to long term. The results support and strengthen previous reports. These findings suggest that IH-HSBP might be a useful marker in disease prognostication.
Keywords: albuminuria; diabetes mellitus; isolated high home systolic blood pressure; diabetic nephropathy albuminuria; diabetes mellitus; isolated high home systolic blood pressure; diabetic nephropathy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kitagawa, N.; Kitagawa, N.; Ushigome, E.; Ushigome, H.; Yokota, I.; Nakanishi, N.; Hamaguchi, M.; Asano, M.; Yamazaki, M.; Fukui, M. Impact of Isolated High Home Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091929

AMA Style

Kitagawa N, Kitagawa N, Ushigome E, Ushigome H, Yokota I, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Impact of Isolated High Home Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(9):1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091929

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kitagawa, Nobuko, Noriyuki Kitagawa, Emi Ushigome, Hidetaka Ushigome, Isao Yokota, Naoko Nakanishi, Masahide Hamaguchi, Mai Asano, Masahiro Yamazaki, and Michiaki Fukui. 2021. "Impact of Isolated High Home Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9: 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091929

APA Style

Kitagawa, N., Kitagawa, N., Ushigome, E., Ushigome, H., Yokota, I., Nakanishi, N., Hamaguchi, M., Asano, M., Yamazaki, M., & Fukui, M. (2021). Impact of Isolated High Home Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(9), 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091929

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