Restless Leg Syndrome Is Underdiagnosed in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia—Results of an Online Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Answered Questions (n (%)) | Number of Patients (n (%)) | ||
---|---|---|---|
sex | 467/474 (99) | males | 148 (32) |
female | 319 (68) | ||
genetic testing | 468/474 (99) | yes | 260 (56) |
no | 208 (44) | ||
genetic mutation | 190/474 (40) | HHT Type 1 | 72 (38) |
HHT Type 2 | 114 (60) | ||
SMAD 4 | 3 (2) | ||
HHT Type 5 | 1 (1) |
Diagnosis by RLS-DI | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | Possible | No | Sum | ||
RLS diagnosis by physician | yes | 23 | 16 | 8 | 47 a,b |
no | 25 a,b | 43 b | 207 | 275 | |
sum | 48 | 59 | 215 | 322 |
Symptom | Patients | Assumed RLS * | Percent | PR | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
gastrointestinal bleeding | |||||
no | 115 | 13 | 11 | Ref. | |
yes | 144 | 44 | 31 | 2.70 | 1.53–4.77 |
epistaxis | |||||
no | 13 | 1 | 8 | Ref. | |
yes | 399 | 80 | 20 | 2.61 | 0.39–17.31 |
anemia | |||||
no | 71 | 15 | 21 | Ref. | |
yes | 299 | 63 | 21 | 1.00 | 0.60–1.64 |
blood transfusions | |||||
no | 180 | 31 | 17 | Ref. | |
yes | 125 | 41 | 33 | 1.90 | 1.27–2.86 |
iron intake (oral and/or intravenous) | |||||
no | 67 | 7 | 10 | Ref. | |
yes | 345 | 74 | 21 | 2.05 | 0.99–4.26 |
genetic mutation † | |||||
type 1 | 59 | 17 | 29 | 1.34 | 0.77–2.31 |
type 2 | 102 | 22 | 22 | Ref. | |
Origin † | |||||
America | 213 | 56 | 26 | Ref. | |
Africa | 8 | 4 | 50 | 1.90 | 0.92–3.94 |
Australia | 20 | 4 | 20 | 0.76 | 0.31–1.88 |
Europe | 52 | 8 | 15 | 0.59 | 0.30–1.15 |
sex | |||||
women | 274 | 55 | 20 | Ref. | |
men | 132 | 23 | 17 | 0.87 | 0.56–1.35 |
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Droege, F.; Stang, A.; Thangavelu, K.; Lueb, C.; Lang, S.; Xydakis, M.; Geisthoff, U. Restless Leg Syndrome Is Underdiagnosed in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia—Results of an Online Survey. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091993
Droege F, Stang A, Thangavelu K, Lueb C, Lang S, Xydakis M, Geisthoff U. Restless Leg Syndrome Is Underdiagnosed in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia—Results of an Online Survey. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(9):1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091993
Chicago/Turabian StyleDroege, Freya, Andreas Stang, Kruthika Thangavelu, Carolin Lueb, Stephan Lang, Michael Xydakis, and Urban Geisthoff. 2021. "Restless Leg Syndrome Is Underdiagnosed in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia—Results of an Online Survey" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9: 1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091993