Serum Nardilysin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Samples
2.2. Cell Lines
2.3. Measurement of Serum NRDC Levels
2.4. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Immunohistochemistry
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
2.8. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Analysis, Heatmap, and Volcano Plots
2.9. Pan-Cancer Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. The Relative Level of NRDC Expression in Serum, Cell Lines or Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tissues
3.3. Diagnostic Value of Serum NRDC and CA19-9
3.4. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Staining of NRDC and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) Staining in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tissues
3.5. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Heatmap and Volcano Plot
3.6. Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Analysis, and Pan-Cancer Analysis of NRDC
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Number | NRDC | χ2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | ||||
Age (years) | 0.913 | NS | |||
<60 | 47 (42) | 30 (64) | 17 (36) | ||
≥60 | 65 (58) | 47 (72) | 18 (28) | ||
Gender | 2.662 | NS | |||
Male | 73 (57) | 54 (57) | 19 (43) | ||
Female | 39 (43) | 23 (43) | 16 (57) | ||
Smoke | 0.018 | NS | |||
Yes | 67 (60) | 47 (70) | 20 (30) | ||
No | 35 (40) | 25 (71) | 10 (29) | ||
Drink | 0.492 | NS | |||
Yes | 77 (75) | 55 (71) | 22 (29) | ||
No | 25 (25) | 16 (64) | 9 (36) | ||
Metastasis | 30.915 | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 26 (25) | 23 (88) | 3 (12) | ||
No | 76 (75) | 47 (62) | 29 (38) | ||
Differentiation | 28.221 | <0.001 | |||
Well-Moderate | 57 (51) | 32 (56) | 25 (44) | ||
Poor Missing | 24 (21) | 23 (96) | 1 (4) | ||
31 (28) | |||||
T stage | 26.958 | <0.001 | |||
T1 | 4 (4) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | ||
T2 | 45 (40) | 30 (67) | 15 (33) | ||
T3 | 1312) | 8 (62) | 5 (38) | ||
T4 Missing | 40 (36) | 10 (25) | 30 (75) | ||
10 (8) | |||||
TNM stage | 6.4 | =0.011 | |||
I/II | 63 (56) | 37 (65) | 26 (35) | ||
III/IV Missing | 48 (43) | 39 (81) | 9 (19) | ||
1 (1) |
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Xu, Y.; Xiong, Q.; Yang, Y.; Weng, N.; Li, J.; Liu, J.; Yang, X.; Zeng, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, Q. Serum Nardilysin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113101
Xu Y, Xiong Q, Yang Y, Weng N, Li J, Liu J, Yang X, Zeng Z, Zhang Z, Zhu Q. Serum Nardilysin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113101
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yongfeng, Qunli Xiong, Yang Yang, Ningna Weng, Junjun Li, Jinlu Liu, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhu Zeng, Zhiwei Zhang, and Qing Zhu. 2022. "Serum Nardilysin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113101