Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Functional Recovery of Patients Two Months after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Randomization
2.3. Sample Size and Power Analysis
2.4. Rehabilitation Protocol
2.4.1. Experimental Biofeedback-Assisted Exercise Therapy
2.4.2. Conventional Rehabilitation Protocol
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.5.1. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
2.5.2. Numeric Rating Scale
2.5.3. Thirty-Second Chair Stand Test
2.5.4. Timed Up and Go Test
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
Variable | EG (N = 59) | CG (N = 58) |
---|---|---|
Age (years; median (IQR)) | 70 (10) | 69 (9) |
Body height (cm; median (IQR)) | 168 (13) | 165 (12) |
Body mass (kg; median (IQR)) | 87 (20) | 84 (18) |
Body mass index (kg/m2; median (IQR)) | 30.8 (9.3) | 30.3 (7.1) |
Sex (N (%)) | ||
Male | 17 (29) | 24 (41) |
Female | 42 (71) | 34 (59) |
Education (N (%)) | ||
Secondary level | 49 (83) | 52 (90) |
Tertiary level | 10 (17) | 6 (10) |
Side of the operated knee (N (%)) | ||
Left | 25 (42) | 32 (55) |
Right | 34 (58) | 26 (45) |
Place of the surgery (N (%)) | ||
University hospital | 13 (22) | 15 (26) |
General hospital | 46 (78) | 43 (74) |
Postoperative day at the beginning of the inpatient rehabilitation (day; median (IQR)) | 64 (84) | 70.5 (84) |
Use of walking aid upon admission (N (%)) | ||
One crutch | 21 (36) | 17 (30) |
Two crutches | 29 (49) | 32 (55) |
Walker | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
No use of walking aid | 9 (15) | 9 (15) |
KOOS score (0–100 scale; median (IQR)) | ||
Pain | 25 (22) | 29.5 (30.8) |
Symptoms | 32 (32) | 32 (33) |
ADL function | 16 (17) | 21.5 (31) |
Sport and recreation function | 5 (25) | 5 (26.3) |
Quality of life | 44 (31) | 38 (34) |
NRS (0–10 scale; median (IQR)) | 2 (5) | 3 (5) |
30 s chair stand test (no. of stands; median (IQR)) | 9 (2) | 9 (3) |
TUG (seconds; median (IQR)) | 13.8 (5.5) | 15 (6.9) |
3.1. Within-Group Analyses
3.2. Between-Group Analyses
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | EG (N = 59) | CG (N = 58) | |
---|---|---|---|
Use of walking aid (N (%)) | |||
One crutch | 26 (44) | 25 (43) | 0.557 a |
Two crutches | 3 (5) | 6 (10) | |
Walker | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
No use of walking aid | 30 (51) | 27 (47) | |
KOOS score (0–100 scale; median (IQR)) | |||
Pain | 86 (9) | 86 (14) | 0.212 b |
Symptoms | 93 (10) | 93 (14) | 0.488 b |
ADL function | 93 (8) | 90 (12.5) | 0.073 b |
Sport and recreation function | 20 (40) | 20 (35) | 0.660 b |
Quality of life | 50 (37) | 44 (38) | 0.055 b |
NRS (0–10 scale; median (IQR)) | 0 (2) | 1 (2.3) | 0.298 b |
30 s chair stand test (no. of stands; median (IQR)) | 12 (5) | 11 (5) | 0.129 b |
TUG (seconds; median (IQR)) | 10 (4.4) | 11 (4.1) | 0.143 b |
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Sklempe Kokic, I.; Vuksanic, M.; Kokic, T.; Peric, I.; Duvnjak, I. Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Functional Recovery of Patients Two Months after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113182
Sklempe Kokic I, Vuksanic M, Kokic T, Peric I, Duvnjak I. Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Functional Recovery of Patients Two Months after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113182
Chicago/Turabian StyleSklempe Kokic, Iva, Matko Vuksanic, Tomislav Kokic, Ivan Peric, and Ivana Duvnjak. 2022. "Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Functional Recovery of Patients Two Months after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113182