Usefulness of the Urine Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck®) in Follow-Up Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Cytological Diagnosis of Atypical Urothelial Cells—An Institutional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patient Cohort
2.2. Urine Cytology Study
2.3. DNA Methylation Study (Bladder EpiCheck® Test)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Findings
3.2. Cytologic Findings
3.3. DNA Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck® Test) Findings
3.4. Relationship between Urinary Cytological Findings and the DNA Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck® Test)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Histopathological Diagnosis | LGUC | HGUC | CIS | No Cancer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patients (N) | 16 | 37 | 6 | 11 |
Age (years) (minimum-maximum) | 58–82 | 50–91 | 53–65 | 49–76 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 15 | 31 | 6 | 6 |
Female | 1 | 6 | 0 | 5 |
Cytological diagnosis (PSC) | ||||
I | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
II | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 |
III | 3 | 14 | 4 | 8 |
IV | 3 | 10 | 1 | 2 |
V | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
DNA methylation test | ||||
Positive | 3 | 12 | 2 | 0 |
Negative | 12 | 24 | 4 | 11 |
Invalid | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Primary tumor (Bladder) | ||||
Yes | 16 | 34 | 6 | 0 |
No | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
Cystoscopy | ||||
Positive | 3 | 11 | 2 | 0 |
Negative | 11 | 22 | 2 | 5 |
Unrealized | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
Follow-up time (years) | ||||
<1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 10 |
2–5 | 10 | 15 | 1 | 1 |
6–10 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
>10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Recurrence | ||||
Yes | 11 | 16 | 2 | 11 |
No | 5 | 21 | 4 | 0 |
Treatment | ||||
BCG | 4 | 28 | 6 | 0 |
Mitomycin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chemotherapy | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Surgery | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
No | 10 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
Non-Muscle Invasive Carcinoma | ||
---|---|---|
Bladder EpiCheck® | Cytology | |
Sensitivity | 91.67% | 90% |
Specificity | 91.89% | 88.89% |
PPV | 78.57% | 81.82% |
NPV | 97.14% | 94.12% |
Non-Muscle Invasive Carcinoma | ||
---|---|---|
Bladder EpiCheck® | Cytology | |
Sensitivity | 85.71% | 90.91% |
Specificity | 92.31% | 83.33% |
PPV | 70.59% | 62.50% |
NPV | 96.77% | 96.77% |
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Peña, K.B.; Riu, F.; Hernandez, A.; Guilarte, C.; Badia, J.; Parada, D. Usefulness of the Urine Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck®) in Follow-Up Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Cytological Diagnosis of Atypical Urothelial Cells—An Institutional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3855. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133855
Peña KB, Riu F, Hernandez A, Guilarte C, Badia J, Parada D. Usefulness of the Urine Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck®) in Follow-Up Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Cytological Diagnosis of Atypical Urothelial Cells—An Institutional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(13):3855. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133855
Chicago/Turabian StylePeña, Karla B., Francesc Riu, Anna Hernandez, Carmen Guilarte, Joan Badia, and David Parada. 2022. "Usefulness of the Urine Methylation Test (Bladder EpiCheck®) in Follow-Up Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Cytological Diagnosis of Atypical Urothelial Cells—An Institutional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13: 3855. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133855