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Article

Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones

by
Iklo Coulibaly
1,
Laura Sofia Cardelli
2,
Claire Duflos
3,4,
Lionel Moulis
3,4,
Bara Mandoorah
1,
Jean Nicoleau
1,
Leslie Placide
1,
François Massin
1,
Jean-Luc Pasquié
1,4 and
Mathieu Granier
1,4,*
1
Cardiology Department, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
2
Cardiology Department, Ospedale Maggiore, 40133 Bologna, Italy
3
Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
4
National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1046, Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3913; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133913
Submission received: 8 May 2022 / Revised: 27 June 2022 / Accepted: 1 July 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health)
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Abstract

Aims: Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has been used successfully in various clinical settings to decrease anxiety and the sensation of pain. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of VRH in patients undergoing electrophysiology and pacing procedures under conscious sedation. Methods: During a two-month period, VRH support was proposed and accepted by 25 patients undergoing electrophysiological procedures. Data were compared with a control group (n = 61) enrolled during the following three-month period. Both groups underwent the measurement of the duration of intervention, the consumption of analgesics and hypnotics, and their pain and comfort using a validated visual analogue scale (VAS 0−10). Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups, including age. There were no differences in procedure duration (46 (±29) vs. 56 (±32) min, p = 0.18) or in hypnotic/antalgic consumption (midazolam 1.95 (±1.44) vs. 2.00 (±1.22) mg, p = 0.83; sufentanyl 3.78 (±2.87) vs. 3.58 (±2.48) μg, p = 0.9) between the control and VRH groups. In a multivariate analysis, the use of VRH was independently associated with lower comfort during the procedure assessed by postoperative visual analogue scale (OR 15.00 [95% CI 4.77−47.16], p < 0.01). There was no influence of VRH use on pain or drug consumption. Conclusions: In our experience, compared with VRH, human care is preferable during procedures in electrophysiology lab to improve the comfort of the patient. VRH has no influence on pain or drug consumption.
Keywords: virtual reality hypnosis; virtual reality; hypnosis; electrophysiology; interventional cardiac electrophysiology virtual reality hypnosis; virtual reality; hypnosis; electrophysiology; interventional cardiac electrophysiology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Coulibaly, I.; Cardelli, L.S.; Duflos, C.; Moulis, L.; Mandoorah, B.; Nicoleau, J.; Placide, L.; Massin, F.; Pasquié, J.-L.; Granier, M. Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133913

AMA Style

Coulibaly I, Cardelli LS, Duflos C, Moulis L, Mandoorah B, Nicoleau J, Placide L, Massin F, Pasquié J-L, Granier M. Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(13):3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133913

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coulibaly, Iklo, Laura Sofia Cardelli, Claire Duflos, Lionel Moulis, Bara Mandoorah, Jean Nicoleau, Leslie Placide, François Massin, Jean-Luc Pasquié, and Mathieu Granier. 2022. "Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13: 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133913

APA Style

Coulibaly, I., Cardelli, L. S., Duflos, C., Moulis, L., Mandoorah, B., Nicoleau, J., Placide, L., Massin, F., Pasquié, J.-L., & Granier, M. (2022). Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133913

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