Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults in Greece: Results from a Nationwide Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Information
3.2. Impact on QoL, Sleep and Social Life
3.3. Impact on Work Productivity and Overall Activities
3.4. Healthcare Resource Utilization
UKWP | Expert Diagnosis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Clear or almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | Overall | Clear or almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | |||
Effect in Work Productivity Due to AD | N = 69 | N = 32 | N = 36 | p | N = 349 | N = 252 | N = 88 | p |
Work time missed due to AD | N = 43 | N = 20 | N = 22 | N = 172 | N = 123 | N = 48 | ||
Percent (%), mean (95% CI) | 18.3 (10.0, 26.6) | 13.70 (2.57, 24.83) | 23.46 (11.05, 35.87) | 0.244 | 6.0 (3.4, 8.5) | 3.84 (1.45, 6.24) | 11.50 (5.07, 17.91) | 0.029 |
Impairment while working | N = 45 | N = 20 | N = 24 | N = 182 | N = 127 | N = 53 | ||
Percent (%), mean (95% CI) | 27.9 (20.5, 35.4) | 20.88 (10.75, 31.00) | 35.16 (25.11, 45.20) | 0.050 | 14.3 (11.3, 17.3) | 9.30 (6.58, 12.02) | 26.80 (19.77, 33.83) | <0.001 |
Overall work impairment | N = 43 | N = 20 | N = 22 | N = 171 | N = 122 | N = 48 | ||
Percent (%), mean (95% CI) | 39.9 (31.0, 48.8) | 32.66 (20.14, 45.19) | 48.54 (36.87, 60.21) | 0.068 | 17.3 (13.5, 21.0) | 11.89 (8.25, 15.53) | 31.19 (22.78, 39.60) | <0.001 |
Activity impairment | N = 68 | N = 31 | N = 36 | N = 341 | N = 246 | N = 88 | ||
Percent (%), mean (95% CI) | 30.4 (23.9, 36.9) | 21.15 (13.04, 29.25) | 39.34 (30.25, 48.42) | 0.004 | 16.0 (13.6, 18.4) | 10.23 (8.00, 12.46) | 30.59 (25.03, 36.16) | <0.001 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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UKWP | Expert Diagnosis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Clear Skin to Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | Overall | Clear Skin to Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | |||
Demographics–General Profile | N = 69 | N = 32 | N = 36 | p | N = 349 | N = 252 | N = 88 | p |
Gender, % | p = 0.774 | |||||||
Female | 61.27 | 62.44 | 58.98 | 0.774 | 63.19 | 63.42 | 62.28 | 0.849 |
Male | 38.73 | 37.56 | 41.02 | 36.81 | 36.58 | 37.72 | ||
Age group, % | ||||||||
18–29 | 25.80 | 24.31 | 24.71 | 21.71 | 20.99 | 21.57 | ||
30–39 | 33.44 | 24.89 | 42.11 | 28.34 | 24.99 | 38.62 | ||
40–49 | 21.04 | 30.27 | 13.53 | 0.470 | 18.33 | 17.83 | 19.34 | 0.076 |
50–59 | 8.64 | 6.25 | 11.05 | 16.36 | 19.12 | 8.88 | ||
60–69 | 5.89 | 6.68 | 5.38 | 8.28 | 8.81 | 7.60 | ||
70+ | 5.19 | 7.60 | 3.23 | 6.98 | 8.27 | 3.98 | ||
Residence, % | ||||||||
Athens | 42.91 | 31.09 | 54.79 | 31.60 | 30.34 | 35.15 | ||
Thessaloniki | 5.85 | 9.51 | 2.78 | 11.68 | 12.65 | 7.82 | ||
Urban area | 37.97 | 37.20 | 36.64 | 0.127 | 42.28 | 43.19 | 40.51 | 0.566 |
Semi-urban area | 2.82 | 6.10 | 0 | 7.78 | 6.77 | 10.28 | ||
Rural area | 10.45 | 16.08 | 5.79 | 6.67 | 7.05 | 6.23 | ||
BMI, % | ||||||||
Underweight | 1.58 | 0 | 3.04 | 3.14 | 3.14 | 2.38 | ||
Normal/healthy weight | 39.48 | 37.01 | 39.72 | 0.685 | 44.74 | 45.24 | 45.52 | 0.609 |
Overweight | 42.01 | 41.88 | 43.49 | 35.14 | 36.52 | 31.39 | ||
Obese | 16.92 | 21.11 | 13.76 | 16.98 | 15.10 | 20.72 | ||
Marital status, % | N = 343 | Ν = 248 | Ν = 87 | |||||
Unmarried | 40.37 | 33.69 | 47.60 | 37.62 | 36.13 | 38.48 | ||
Married/cohabitation | 52.20 | 60.09 | 43.64 | 56.97 | 58.47 | 55.59 | ||
Divorced | 7.44 | 6.21 | 8.77 | 0.409 | 3.72 | 3.56 | 4.53 | 0.939 |
Widow/er | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.69 | 1.85 | 1.40 | ||
Occupational status, % | N = 67 | N = 31 | N = 35 | N = 344 | N = 249 | N = 87 | ||
Freelancer/self-employed | 21.12 | 16.83 | 25.62 | 17.53 | 16.25 | 20.57 | ||
Employee | 48.66 | 50.51 | 45.32 | 43.65 | 42.64 | 48.28 | ||
Unemployed | 5.77 | 9.37 | 2.77 | 10.44 | 10.79 | 6.90 | ||
Retired | 6.78 | 7.83 | 6.08 | 0.899 | 9.13 | 10.01 | 7.43 | 0.452 |
Student | 10.27 | 9.53 | 11.27 | 8.31 | 9.52 | 4.44 | ||
Household | 4.34 | 3.11 | 5.58 | 8.89 | 9.19 | 8.84 | ||
Other | 3.05 | 2.82 | 3.36 | 2.05 | 1.59 | 3.54 | ||
Education, % | N = 68 | N = 31 | N = 36 | N = 346 | N = 249 | |||
Primary school | 3.35 | 7.38 | 0 | 2.57 | 2.70 | 2.46 | ||
Lower 2ndary education | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.63 | 2.09 | 3.27 | ||
Upper 2ndary education | 34.96 | 32.07 | 38.57 | 0.415 | 29.95 | 27.30 | 35.99 | 0.436 |
Bachelor’s degree | 44.46 | 44.80 | 42.38 | 46.32 | 47.34 | 44.76 | ||
Master’s/Doctoral degree | 17.23 | 15.76 | 19.05 | 18.54 | 20.59 | 13.52 |
UKWP | Expert Diagnosis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Clear or almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | Overall | Clear or almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | |||
Clinical Profile & Habits | N = 69 | N = 32 | N = 36 | p | N = 349 | N = 252 | N = 88 | p |
Time since AD diagnosis, years | N = 328 | N = 236 | N = 85 | |||||
Mean (95% CI) | NA | NA | NA | 17.6 (16.1, 19.1) | 18.3 (16.5, 20.1) | 16.1 (13.3, 18.8) | 0.184 | |
Comorbidities, % | N = 249 | N = 87 | ||||||
None | 22.67 | 24.42 | 23.06 | 33.67 | 37.03 | 24.04 | ||
One | 23.49 | 25.26 | 22.69 | 0.981 | 32.58 | 32.62 | 33.54 | 0.098 |
Two | 28.39 | 27.31 | 30.28 | 19.68 | 17.25 | 26.39 | ||
Three or more | 25.45 | 23.01 | 25.19 | 14.07 | 13.11 | 16.04 | ||
Comorbidities, % | N = 345 | N = 249 | N = 87 | |||||
Asthma | 42.28 | 46.88 | 36.32 | 0.386 | 15.24 | 10.55 | 30.27 | <0.001 |
COPD | 1.27 | 0 | 2.44 | 0.349 | 2.29 | 1.21 | 4.51 | 0.065 |
Allergies (Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, food allergies) | 57.34 | 52.43 | 60.31 | 0.520 | 38.14 | 34.01 | 49.36 | 0.012 |
GI problems | 21.12 | 16.92 | 25.54 | 0.407 | 17.20 | 15.88 | 20.54 | 0.323 |
Seasonal rhinitis | 21.70 | 18.97 | 24.83 | 0.567 | 17.18 | 17.20 | 15.48 | 0.711 |
Diabetes | 10.49 | 7.57 | 13.42 | 0.467 | 6.45 | 5.35 | 10.25 | 0.112 |
Hypertension | 12.36 | 7.30 | 14.01 | 0.405 | 14.96 | 17.03 | 10.51 | 0.152 |
Heart failure | 4.47 | 0 | 8.57 | 0.964 | 2.42 | 1.30 | 5.88 | 0.023 |
N = 346 | N = 251 | N = 86 | ||||||
Family history of AD, rhinitis, asthma, % | 71.04 | 59.65 | 80.22 | 0.071 | 54.04 | 48.67 | 68.51 | 0.002 |
Smoking habits, % | N = 347 | N = 251 | N = 87 | |||||
Smoker | 49.21 | 37.32 | 58.13 | 35.43 | 30.59 | 48.56 | ||
Former smoker | 28.82 | 37.36 | 22.17 | 0.225 | 28.40 | 27.39 | 30.79 | 0.001 |
No smoker | 21.97 | 25.32 | 19.71 | 36.16 | 42.02 | 20.65 | ||
Smoking products, % 1 | N = 34 | N = 12 | N = 21 | N = 124 | N = 78 | N = 42 | ||
Cigarettes | 85.02 | 83.89 | 90.40 | 0.587 | 87.28 | 90.07 | 81.03 | 0.163 |
Electronic cigarettes | 37.39 | 41.94 | 36.88 | 0.779 | 24.96 | 18.69 | 38.70 | 0.018 |
Heated tobacco products | 38.30 | 24.06 | 42.97 | 0.288 | 20.99 | 18.39 | 27.68 | 0.238 |
UKWP | Expert Diagnosis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Clear or almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | Overall | Clear or Almost Clear Skin/Mild Eczema | Moderate to Very Severe Eczema | |||
N = 69 | N = 32 | N = 36 | p | N = 349 | N = 252 | N = 88 | p | |
N = 68 | N = 20 | N = 36 | N = 329 | N = 240 | N = 82 | |||
At least 1 doctor visit due to AD, % | 77.80 | 64.44 | 88.61 | 0.024 | 53.83 | 44.31 | 80.30 | <0.001 |
Number of visits due to AD, mean (95% CI) | 2.88 (1.72, 4.04) | 2.88 (0.66, 5.11) | 2.94 (1.87, 4.01) | 0.695 ‡ | 1.41 (1.12, 1.70) | 0.99 (0.67, 1.31) | 2.64 (2.04, 3.24) | <0.001 ‡ |
Received treatment for AD | N = 342 | N = 248 | N = 86 | |||||
Yes, % | 81.43 | 75.80 | 85.82 | 0.301 | 58.86 | 54.22 | 76.55 | <0.001 |
Kind of treatment, % | N = 56 | N = 24 | N = 31 | N = 201 | N = 134 | N = 66 | ||
Nutrition | 21.24 | 4.19 | 31.62 | 0.015 | 15.73 | 10.31 | 27.03 | 0.003 |
Topical treatment | 80.79 | 83.66 | 77.82 | 0.592 | 87.14 | 89.61 | 81.91 | 0.130 |
Phototherapy | 5.20 | 0 | 9.46 | 0.118 | 2.95 | 0 | 9.03 | <0.001 |
Systemic treatment (oral) | 31.71 | 29.22 | 34.86 | 0.662 | 22.18 | 17.78 | 31.51 | 0.030 |
Antibiotics | 10.60 | 12.99 | 9.13 | 0.651 | 4.51 | 3.06 | 7.55 | 0.159 |
Immunotherapy | 5.01 | 0 | 9.13 | 0.120 | 2.35 | 0 | 7.19 | 0.001 |
Biologic agents | 8.78 | 4.14 | 12.76 | 0.276 | 2.95 | 1.42 | 6.11 | 0.065 |
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Gregoriou, S.; Stefanou, G.; Kontodimas, S.; Sfaelos, K.; Zavali, M.; Vakirlis, E.; Kourlaba, G. Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults in Greece: Results from a Nationwide Survey. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 4777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164777
Gregoriou S, Stefanou G, Kontodimas S, Sfaelos K, Zavali M, Vakirlis E, Kourlaba G. Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults in Greece: Results from a Nationwide Survey. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(16):4777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164777
Chicago/Turabian StyleGregoriou, Stamatis, Garyfallia Stefanou, Stathis Kontodimas, Konstantinos Sfaelos, Maria Zavali, Efstratios Vakirlis, and Georgia Kourlaba. 2022. "Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults in Greece: Results from a Nationwide Survey" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16: 4777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164777