Contribution of the Testosterone Androgen Receptor–PARD3B Signaling Axis to Tumorigenesis and Malignance of Glioblastoma Multiforme through Stimulating Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Mining and Analysis
2.2. Bioinformatic Approach
2.3. Cell Culture and Drug Treatment
2.4. Suppression of AR Activity
2.5. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
2.6. Cell Proliferation
2.7. Colony Formation
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Upregulation of AR mRNA and Protein Expressions in Human GBM Tissues Compared to Human Normal Brain Tissues
3.2. Increased Expression of the PARD3B Gene in GBM Tissues Compared to Human Normal Brain Tissues
3.3. A Positive Correlation of the AR Gene Expression with PARD3B Expression in Human GBM Tissues
3.4. The Testosterone AR Signaling Axis Was Involved in Regulation of PARD3B Gene Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cells
3.5. The Testosterone AR Signaling Axis Contributes to Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma Cells
3.6. The Testosterone AR Signaling Axis Contributes to Regulation of Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, J.-D.; Chen, J.-T.; Liu, S.-H.; Chen, R.-M. Contribution of the Testosterone Androgen Receptor–PARD3B Signaling Axis to Tumorigenesis and Malignance of Glioblastoma Multiforme through Stimulating Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 4818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164818
Yang J-D, Chen J-T, Liu S-H, Chen R-M. Contribution of the Testosterone Androgen Receptor–PARD3B Signaling Axis to Tumorigenesis and Malignance of Glioblastoma Multiforme through Stimulating Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(16):4818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164818
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jr-Di, Jui-Tai Chen, Shing-Hwa Liu, and Ruei-Ming Chen. 2022. "Contribution of the Testosterone Androgen Receptor–PARD3B Signaling Axis to Tumorigenesis and Malignance of Glioblastoma Multiforme through Stimulating Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16: 4818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164818