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Article

Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study

by
Giuseppe Defeudis
1,*,†,
Ernesto Maddaloni
2,†,
Giovanni Rossini
1,
Alfonso Maria Di Tommaso
1,
Rossella Mazzilli
3,
Paolo Di Palma
4,
Paolo Pozzilli
1 and
Nicola Napoli
1
1
Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
4
Unit of Urology, Hospital of Frosinone, ASL Frosinone, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(18), 5333; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185333
Submission received: 16 August 2022 / Revised: 2 September 2022 / Accepted: 6 September 2022 / Published: 11 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Abstract

Background: This is a proof of concept, as a pilot study, with the aim to evaluate continuous glucose monitoring metrics (CGM) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), treated with nutritional therapy and metformin, before and after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, subjects affected by T2DM and starting TRT for documented ED and hypogonadism were enrolled. All subjects mounted a CGM system during the v0 visit, one week before the beginning of the TRT (week−1), during v2, four weeks after the start of TRT (week 4), and v4 (week 12). CGM was worn for about 144 h after each visit. Results: A total of seven patients, referring to our clinic for erectile dysfunction (ED), were studied (aged 63.3 ± 2.3 years). Mean (± standard deviation) total testosterone level was 2.3 ± 0.6 ng/mL at baseline. After TRT, total testosterone level was 4.6 ± 3.04 ng/mL at week 4 and 3.93 ± 4.67 ng/mL at week 12. No significant differences were observed in TIR, TAR, TBR, estimated HbA1c, AUC below, and AUC above limit during the intervention period. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating the effects of TRT on daily glucose excursions in subjects with T2DM and hypogonadism. Though we did not find any significant difference in key CGM metrics during the 12 weeks of TRT, this study confirms the glycometabolic safety of the TRT even on the most novel standardized glycemic targets.
Keywords: diabetes; hypogonadism; testosterone replacement treatment; glycemic variability diabetes; hypogonadism; testosterone replacement treatment; glycemic variability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Defeudis, G.; Maddaloni, E.; Rossini, G.; Di Tommaso, A.M.; Mazzilli, R.; Di Palma, P.; Pozzilli, P.; Napoli, N. Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185333

AMA Style

Defeudis G, Maddaloni E, Rossini G, Di Tommaso AM, Mazzilli R, Di Palma P, Pozzilli P, Napoli N. Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18):5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185333

Chicago/Turabian Style

Defeudis, Giuseppe, Ernesto Maddaloni, Giovanni Rossini, Alfonso Maria Di Tommaso, Rossella Mazzilli, Paolo Di Palma, Paolo Pozzilli, and Nicola Napoli. 2022. "Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18: 5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185333

APA Style

Defeudis, G., Maddaloni, E., Rossini, G., Di Tommaso, A. M., Mazzilli, R., Di Palma, P., Pozzilli, P., & Napoli, N. (2022). Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(18), 5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185333

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