The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Enrollment
- Diagnosed with OSCC, confirmed by histopathology;
- Primary tumor sites were tongue, oral mucosa, and labial lesions;
- Patient eligible for curative surgery according to disease staging;
- No prior history of malignancies with or without treatment;
- No other concurrent cancers, severe disorders, or immune system pathology (such as decompensated systemic or metabolic diseases, or autoimmune diseases).
2.2. Investigations
2.2.1. Clinical Examination and Imaging Studies
2.2.2. Analysis of Serum Cytokines
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics
3.2. Comparative Analysis of Serum Cytokine Levels between Study Groups
3.3. Correlation Analysis between Serum Cytokines in OSCC Patients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | OSCC (n = 13) | Control Group (n = 14) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Males (no.) | 10 | 11 | p = 0.7186 1 |
Females (no.) | 3 | 3 | |
Age (years ± SD) | 67.92 ± 14.96 | 69.43 ± 11.28 | p = 0.7692 (two-tailed) 2 |
Parameter | Number of Patients (% or Range) |
---|---|
Smokers | 7 (53.84) |
Alcohol consumption | 5 (38.46) |
Tumor location | |
Lip | 4 (30.76) |
Oral mucosa | 4 (30.76) |
Tongue, pelvilingual | 3 (23.07) |
Gingiva | 2 (15.38) |
Tumor stage (T) | |
T1 | 3 (23.07) |
T2 | 6 (46.15) |
T3 | 3 (23.07) |
T4a | 1 (7.69) |
Nodal stage (N) | |
N0 | 7 (53.84) |
N1 | 2 (15.38) |
N2 | 3 (23.07) |
Metastasis (M) | |
M0 | 13 (100) |
Cytokine | OSCC Group | Control Group | Statistical Differences between Groups (p-Value) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Values before Treatment (n = 13) | Values at Follow-Up (n = 11) | Values (n = 14) | Three-Way Comparison 1 | Before vs. Follow-Up2 | Follow-Up vs. Control 2 | Before vs. Control 2 | |
MIP-1α | 27.05 (1.66–321.54) | 18.13 (1.67–121.53) | 11.05 (1.67–25.69) | 0.055 | - | - | - |
IL-1β | 1.01 (0–2.63) | 0.53 (0.14–8.84) | 0.14 (0.14–0.84) | 0.006 | 0.783 | 0.012 | 0.003 |
IL-4 | 0.56 (0–2.63) | 0.30 (0–5.21) | 0.11 (0–1.09) | 0.481 | - | - | - |
IL-6 | 6.88 (1.82–919.43) | 5.62 (2.01–42.49) | 2.09 (0.91–4.84) | <0.001 | 0.972 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
IL-8 | 117.65 (7.90–1316.41) | 77.33 (6.01–835.57) | 12.30 (1.24–45.46) | 0.010 | 0.902 | 0.014 | 0.007 |
IL-10 | 22.39 (4.77–319.07) | 22.39 (6.36–57.89) | 8.63 (3.18–23.22) | 0.008 | 0.664 | 0.019 | 0.004 |
TNF-α | 8.53 (3.53–109.89) | 5.82 (3.29–16.50) | 2.14 (1.14–6.80) | <0.001 | 0.413 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
MIP-1α | IL-1β | IL-4 | IL-6 | IL-8 | IL-10 | TNF-α | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIP-1α | - | 0.648 * | 0.409 | 0.544 | 0.949 ** | 0.662 * | 0.949 ** |
IL-1β | - | - | 0.480 | 0.991 ** | 0.659 * | 0.975 ** | 0.408 |
IL-4 | - | - | - | 0.451 | 0.585 * | 0.575 * | 0.281 |
IL-6 | - | - | - | - | 0.562 * | 0.960 ** | 0.289 |
IL-8 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.733 ** | 0.849 ** |
IL-10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.405 |
TNF-α | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
MIP-1α | IL-1β | IL-4 | IL-6 | IL-8 | IL-10 | TNF-α | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIP-1α | - | 0.684 * | 0.815 ** | 0.199 | 0.503 | 0.616 * | 0.858 ** |
IL-1β | - | - | 0.385 | 0.388 | 0.965 ** | 0.918 | 0.438 |
IL-4 | - | - | - | -0.099 | 0.186 | 0.270 | 0.721 * |
IL-6 | - | - | - | - | 0.383 | 0.540 | 0.334 |
IL-8 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.885 ** | 0.262 |
IL-10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.473 |
TNF-α | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Caruntu, A.; Scheau, C.; Codrici, E.; Popescu, I.D.; Calenic, B.; Caruntu, C.; Tanase, C. The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5398. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185398
Caruntu A, Scheau C, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Calenic B, Caruntu C, Tanase C. The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18):5398. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185398
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaruntu, Ana, Cristian Scheau, Elena Codrici, Ionela Daniela Popescu, Bogdan Calenic, Constantin Caruntu, and Cristiana Tanase. 2022. "The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18: 5398. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185398