No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy—A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Pain Medication and Outcomes
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pain Severity
3.2. Affective and Sensory Pain Perception
3.3. Pain Medication
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total n = 88 | Female n = 42 | Male n = 46 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
M ± SD | 51.57 ± 13.66 | 52.74 ± 12.85 | 50.5 ± 14.42 | 0.446 |
Median | 53 | 53.5 | 53 | |
Minimum | 18 | 25 | 18 | |
Maximum | 82 | 82 | 79 | |
Surgery duration | ||||
n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
M ± SD | 64.70 ± 24.73 | 60.83 ± 23.35 | 68.24 ± 25.66 | 0.162 |
Median | 60 | 57.5 | 65 | |
Minimum | 26 | 26 | 33 | |
Maximum | 158 | 158 | 133 | |
BMI | ||||
n | 86 | 42 | 44 | |
M ± SD | 27.48 ± 4.67 | 26.93 ± 5.01 | 28.02 ± 4.30 | 0.283 |
Median | 27.05 | 25.31 | 28.54 | |
Minimum | 19.13 | 19.13 | 19.15 | |
Maximum | 40.09 | 40.09 | 38.58 | |
Level of disc herniation | ||||
n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
L1–L2 | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
L2–L3 | 5 (5.7%) | 2 (4.8%) | 3 (6.5%) | |
L3–L4 | 14 (15.9%) | 7 (16.7%) | 7 (15.2%) | 0.828 |
L4–L5 | 34 (38.6%) | 17 (40.5%) | 17 (37.0%) | |
L5–S1 | 34 (38.6%) | 15 (35.7%) | 19 (41.3%) | |
Side | ||||
n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
right | 33 (37.5%) | 15 (35.7%) | 18 (39.1%) | 0.741 |
left | 55 (62.5%) | 27 (64.3%) | 28 (60.9%) | |
Location | ||||
n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
exclusively intraforaminal | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
intra-extraforaminal | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.629 |
intraspinal | 85 (96.6%) | 41 (97.6%) | 44 (95.6%) |
SES-A | Total n = 88 | Female n = 42 | Male n = 46 | t-Test p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-1 | n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
M ± SD | 35.60 ± 11.50 | 36.71 ± 12.32 | 34.59 ± 10.74 | 0.389 | |
Median | 36.00 | 40.00 | 35.50 | ||
T1 | n | 88 | 42 | 46 | |
M ± SD | 24.30 ± 10.43 | 24.14 ± 10.24 | 24.43 ± 10.71 | 0.897 | |
Median | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.50 | ||
T3 | n | 87 | 42 | 45 | |
M ± SD | 20.55 ± 8.61 | 20.14 ± 9.38 | 20.93 ± 7.92 | 0.671 | |
Median | 17.00 | 16.50 | 18.00 | ||
T5 | n | 37 | 19 | 18 | |
M ± SD | 22.81 ± 10.75 | 22.53 ± 11.15 | 23.11 ± 10.62 | 0.871 | |
Median | 18.00 | 17.00 | 18.50 |
SES-S | Total n = 88 | Female n = 42 | Male n = 46 | t-Test p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-1 | n | 87 | 41 | 46 | |
M ± SD | 21.10 ± 7.55 | 21.29 ± 7.35 | 20.93 ± 7.80 | 0.827 | |
Median | 20.00 | 20.00 | 19.50 | ||
T1 | n | 86 | 41 | 45 | |
M ± SD | 16.51 ± 6.70 | 16.63 ± 6.59 | 16.40 ± 6.88 | 0.873 | |
Median | 14.50 | 14.00 | 15.00 | ||
T3 | n | 86 | 42 | 44 | |
M ± SD | 14.06 ± 5.23 | 14.00 ± 5.06 | 14.11 ± 5.44 | 0.920 | |
Median | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | ||
T5 | n | 37 | 19 | 18 | |
M ± SD | 15.32 ± 6.21 | 15.32 ± 5.53 | 15.33 ± 7.02 | 0.993 | |
Median | 13.00 | 14.00 | 13.00 |
Total n = 88 | Female n = 42 | Male n = 46 | t-Test | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sum of day 1 to day 5 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-value |
Medication | 569.57 (543.78) | 614.09 (596.95) | 528.92 (498.42) | 0.47 |
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Raak, C.K.; Ostermann, T.; Schönenberg-Tu, A.-L.; Fricke, O.; Martin, D.D.; Robens, S.; Scharbrodt, W. No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy—A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 2333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092333
Raak CK, Ostermann T, Schönenberg-Tu A-L, Fricke O, Martin DD, Robens S, Scharbrodt W. No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy—A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(9):2333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092333
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaak, Christa K., Thomas Ostermann, Anna-Li Schönenberg-Tu, Oliver Fricke, David D. Martin, Sibylle Robens, and Wolfram Scharbrodt. 2022. "No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy—A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9: 2333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092333