Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Anthropometric Measurements
2.2. Laboratory Analyses
2.3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.4. Hybrid Indices for the Evaluation of Metabolic Status
2.5. Power of the Study
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population
3.2. Laboratory Characteristics
3.3. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Subgroups Divided by Adiponectin Median
3.4. Laboratory Characteristics of Subgroups Divided by Adiponectin Median
3.5. Linear Regression between IL-33 and Adiponectin
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics * Mean ± SD | MS Group | Control Group | p ** |
---|---|---|---|
Gender M/F | 29/38 | 19/26 | 0.586 |
Age (years) | 41.69 ± 15.55 | 33.08 ± 15.14 | 0.342 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) (Ref. < 120) | 133.66 ± 22.77 | 115.80 ± 13.90 | <0.0005 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) (Ref. < 80) | 85.36 ± 12.80 | 78.48 ± 9.26 | <0.01 |
WC (cm) | 108.46 ± 11.91 | 83.15 ± 8.88 | <0.0005 |
BMI (kg/m2) (Ref. < 24.9) | 32.93 ± 5.58 | 23.16 ± 3.70 | <0.0005 |
(a) | ||||
Characteristics Mean ± SD | MS Group | Control Group | Ref. Range | p * |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.85 ± 1.28 | 4.94 ± 0.88 | <5.2 | <0.0005 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.32 ± 1.46 | 0.88 ± 0.28 | <1.7 | <0.0005 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.24 | 1.47 ± 0.29 | >1.1 | <0.0005 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.58 ± 1.04 | 3.07 ± 0.72 | <3.5 | 0.004 |
Glycemia 0 min (mmol/L) | 5.32 ± 0.83 | 4.40 ± 0.37 | <5.6 | <0.0005 |
Glycemia 30 min (mmol/L) | 9.14 ± 1.61 | 7.37 ± 1.41 | / | <0.001 |
Glycemia 60 min (mmol/L) | 9.43 ± 2.59 | 5.84 ± 1.59 | / | <0.0005 |
Glycemia 120 min (mmol/L) | 6.98 ± 2.44 | 4.75 ± 1.36 | <7.8 | <0.0005 |
Insulin 0 min (IU/mL) | 10.71 ± 5.82 | 4.85 ± 2.03 | <20 | <0.0005 |
Insulin 30 min (IU/mL) | 59.97 ± 43.81 | 39.83 ± 18.29 | <40 | 0.002 |
Insulin 60 min (IU/mL) | 77.71 ± 52.32 | 35.48 ± 14.85 | <40 | <0.0005 |
Insulin 120 min (IU/mL) | 60.91 ± 50.13 | 21.28 ± 17.76 | <40 | <0.0005 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.48 ± 0.44 | 5.20 ± 0.41 | <5.7 | 0.001 |
HOMA IR index | 2.62 ± 1.54 | 0.94 ± 0.40 | <2.5 | <0.0005 |
Matsuda index | 4.87 ± 3.76 | 11.13 ± 6.14 | >4.3 | <0.0005 |
CRP (mg/L) | 4.36 ± 3.74 | 1.35 ± 1.30 | <5.0 | <0.0005 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.39 ± 0.64 | 2.72 ± 0.44 | <4.5 | <0.0005 |
Interleukin-33 (pg/mL) | 34.44 ± 10.65 | 35.78 ± 7.57 | / | 0.548 |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 75.61 ± 15.41 | 67.57 ± 18.31 | / | 0.018 |
(b) | ||||
Characteristics Mean ± SE | MS Group | Control Group | p * | |
Interleukin-33 (pg/mL) | 34.13 ± 3.45 | 28.56 ± 3.37 | 0.293 | |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 66.03 ± 3.18 | 76.72 ± 2.55 | 0.024 |
Characteristics * | Control Group (n = 45) | Low Adiponectin Group (n = 34) | High Adiponectin Group (n = 33) | p ** | p * 1 vs. 2 | p * 2 vs. 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender M/F | 19/26 | 15/18 | 14/20 | 0.679 | |||
Age (years) | 33.08 ± 15.14 | 39.96 ± 12.79 | 42.46 ± 12.15 | 0.006 | 0.026 | 0.330 | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) (Ref. <120) | 115.80 ± 13.90 | 130.67 ± 18.77 | 136.66 ± 26.86 | <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.173 | |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) (Ref. <80) | 78.48 ± 9.26 | 82.48 ± 10.43 | 89.20 ± 14.20 | 0.001 | 0.119 | 0.046 | |
WC (cm) | 83.15 ± 8.88 | 107.90 ± 11.91 | 108.13 ± 11.92 | <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.914 | |
BMI (kg/m2) (Ref. <24.9) | 23.16 ± 3.70 | 32.83 ± 5.87 | 32.60 ± 5.21 | <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 1.000 |
Characteristics | Control Group (n = 45) | Low Adiponectin Group (n = 34) | High Adiponectin Group (n = 33) | Ref. Range | p | 1 vs. 2 *** | 2 vs. 3 *** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.94 ± 0.88 | 5.70 ± 1.11 | 6.04 ± 1.45 | <5..2 | * 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.403 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.88 ± 0.28 | 2.30 ± 1.35 | 2.30 ± 1.63 | <1.7 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.751 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.29 | 1.24 ± 0.26 | 1.16 ± 0.22 | >1.1 | * <0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.242 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.07 ± 0.72 | 3.39 ± 0.86 | 3.83 ± 1.19 | <3.5 | * 0.026 | 0.126 | 0.178 |
Glycemia 0 min (mmol/L) | 4.40 ± 0.37 | 5.20 ± 0.93 | 5.37 ± 0.71 | <5.6 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.236 |
Glycemia 30 min (mmol/L) | 7.37 ± 1.41 | 9.12 ± 1.67 | 9.14 ± 1.57 | / | ** <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.999 |
Glycemia 60 min (mmol/L) | 5.84 ± 1.59 | 9.21 ± 2.63 | 9.30 ± 2.50 | / | ** <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.978 |
Glycemia 120 min (mmol/L) | 4.75 ± 1.36 | 6.92 ± 2.21 | 6.74 ± 2.39 | <7.8 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.908 |
Insulin 0 min (IU/mL) | 4.85 ± 2.03 | 9.04 ± 4.89 | 11.97 ± 6.28 | 20 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.043 |
Insulin 30 min (IU/mL) | 39.83 ± 18.29 | 47.19 ± 30.64 | 74.26 ± 52.00 | / | * 0.003 | 0.619 | 0.016 |
Insulin 60 min (IU/mL) | 35.48 ± 14.85 | 70.02 ± 45.72 | 85.66 ± 57.17 | / | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.323 |
Insulin 120 min (IU/mL) | 21.28 ± 17.76 | 53.62 ± 46.12 | 66.81 ± 52.86 | / | * <0.0005 | 0.019 | 0.056 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.20 ± 0.41 | 5.46 ± 0.45 | 5.47 ± 0.41 | <5.7 | **0.008 | 0.28 | 0.959 |
HOMA IR index | 0.94 ± 0.40 | 2.17 ± 1.32 | 2.93 ± 1.30 | <2.5 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.015 |
Matsuda index | 11.13 ± 6.14 | 5.70 ± 4.04 | 4.17 ± 3.43 | >4.3 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.035 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.35 ± 1.30 | 4.60 ± 3.93 | 5.84 ± 3.39 | <5.0 | * <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.501 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.72 ± 0.44 | 3.25 ± 0.55 | 3.49 ± 0.71 | <4.5 | ** <0.0005 | <0.0005 | 0.241 |
Interleukin-33 (pg/mL) | 35.78 ± 7.57 | 39.20 ± 10.34 | 26.22 ± 7.41 | / | * 0.035 | 0.975 | 0.021 |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 67.57 ± 18.31 | 62.76 ± 10.10 | 88.45 ± 6.34 | / | * <0.0005 | 0.244 | <0.0005 |
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Nesic, J.; Ljujic, B.; Rosic, V.; Djukic, A.; Rosic, M.; Petrovic, I.; Zornic, N.; Jovanovic, I.P.; Petrovic, S.; Djukic, S. Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010132
Nesic J, Ljujic B, Rosic V, Djukic A, Rosic M, Petrovic I, Zornic N, Jovanovic IP, Petrovic S, Djukic S. Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(1):132. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010132
Chicago/Turabian StyleNesic, Jelena, Biljana Ljujic, Vesna Rosic, Aleksandar Djukic, Milenko Rosic, Ivica Petrovic, Nenad Zornic, Ivan P Jovanovic, Sara Petrovic, and Svetlana Djukic. 2023. "Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1: 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010132