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Review

Aging and Vascular Disease: A Multidisciplinary Overview

by
Jeanette A. Maier
1,2,*,
Vicente Andrés
3,4,
Sara Castiglioni
1,
Alessandro Giudici
5,6,
Emily S. Lau
7,
János Nemcsik
8,
Francesca Seta
9,
Paola Zaninotto
10,
Mariella Catalano
2,11 and
Naomi M. Hamburg
2,9
1
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
2
VAS-European Independent foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, 20157 Milano, Italy
3
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
4
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
5
Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
6
GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
7
Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
8
Health Service of Zugló (ZESZ), Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Stáhly u. 7-9, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
9
Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
10
UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
11
Inter-University Research Center on Vascular Disease, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5512; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175512
Submission received: 21 June 2023 / Revised: 18 August 2023 / Accepted: 21 August 2023 / Published: 25 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine (VAS) Collection on Vascular Medicine)
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Abstract

Vascular aging, i.e., the deterioration of the structure and function of the arteries over the life course, predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. Vascular degeneration can be recognized before becoming clinically symptomatic; therefore, its assessment allows the early identification of individuals at risk. This opens the possibility of minimizing disease progression. To review these issues, a search was completed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar from 2000 to date. As a network of clinicians and scientists involved in vascular medicine, we here describe the structural and functional age-dependent alterations of the arteries, the clinical tools for an early diagnosis of vascular aging, and the cellular and molecular events implicated. It emerges that more studies are necessary to identify the best strategy to quantify vascular aging, and to design proper physical activity programs, nutritional and pharmacological strategies, as well as social interventions to prevent, delay, and eventually revert the disease.
Keywords: aging; arteries; cardiovascular diseases aging; arteries; cardiovascular diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Maier, J.A.; Andrés, V.; Castiglioni, S.; Giudici, A.; Lau, E.S.; Nemcsik, J.; Seta, F.; Zaninotto, P.; Catalano, M.; Hamburg, N.M. Aging and Vascular Disease: A Multidisciplinary Overview. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175512

AMA Style

Maier JA, Andrés V, Castiglioni S, Giudici A, Lau ES, Nemcsik J, Seta F, Zaninotto P, Catalano M, Hamburg NM. Aging and Vascular Disease: A Multidisciplinary Overview. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(17):5512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175512

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maier, Jeanette A., Vicente Andrés, Sara Castiglioni, Alessandro Giudici, Emily S. Lau, János Nemcsik, Francesca Seta, Paola Zaninotto, Mariella Catalano, and Naomi M. Hamburg. 2023. "Aging and Vascular Disease: A Multidisciplinary Overview" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 17: 5512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175512

APA Style

Maier, J. A., Andrés, V., Castiglioni, S., Giudici, A., Lau, E. S., Nemcsik, J., Seta, F., Zaninotto, P., Catalano, M., & Hamburg, N. M. (2023). Aging and Vascular Disease: A Multidisciplinary Overview. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(17), 5512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175512

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