Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Latin American Center: A Single Center Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | HCM (n = 82) |
---|---|
Age at clinical diagnosis, n | |
Median (IQR) | 49.0 (37.5–61.0) |
Gender, n | |
Male, n (%) | 55 (67.1%) |
Family history of cardiomyopathy, n, (%) | 12 (25.0%) |
Family history of cardiomyopathy by level of consanguinity, n | |
First degree, n (%) | 8 (66.7%) |
Second degree, n (%) | 3 (25.0%) |
NYHA functional class, n (%) | |
Class I | 43 (59.7%) |
Class II | 17 (23.6%) |
Class III | 10 (13.9%) |
Class IV | 2 (2.8%) |
Angina, n (%) | 16 (19.5%) |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 31 (37.8%) |
Palpitations, n (%) | 9 (11.0%) |
Syncope, n (%) | 12 (14.6%) |
Personal history and comorbidities, n (%) | |
Atrial fibrillation | 11 (15.1%) |
Stroke | 7 (9.5%) |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 9 (11.2%) |
Arterial hypertension | 24 (30.4%) |
Dyslipidemia | 17 (21.2%) |
Overweight/Obesity | 6 (7.6%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 3 (3.8%) |
Hypothyroidism | 7 (8.8%) |
Smoking | 9 (17.0%) |
Pharmacologic treatment, n (%) | |
Beta-blockers | 58 (85.3%) |
Diuretics, oral | 13 (19.1%) |
ACE-inhibitors | 1 (1.5%) |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 17 (25.0%) |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | 7 (10.3%) |
Calcium channel blockers | 19 (27.9%) |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 8 (11.8%) |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 1 (1.5%) |
ARNI | 2 (2.9%) |
Statins | 13 (19.1%) |
Oral anticoagulants | 14 (20.5%) |
Vitamin K antagonists | 4 (5.9%) |
Apixaban | 5 (7.4%) |
Rivaroxaban | 4 (5.9%) |
Non-specified | 1 (1.5%) |
Non-pharmacological treatment n (%) | |
Angiography | 7 (19.4%) |
Alcohol septal ablation | 5 (6.1%) |
Septal myectomy | 4 (4.9%) |
Ventricular assist device | 1 (1.3%) |
Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 2 (2.4%) |
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators | 29 (35.4%) |
Variable, n (%) | HCM (n = 82) |
---|---|
Ejection fraction n = 73 | |
Reduced (<40%) | 4 (5.8%) |
Slightly reduced (40–49%) | 4 (5.8%) |
Preserved (>50%) | 65 (89%) |
Global longitudinal strain, median (IQR) | −13.4 (−18.1, −11.7) |
Wall diameters | |
Abnormal interventricular septum (>9 mm female; >10 mm male) | 63 (100%) |
Abnormal posterior wall (>9 mm female; >10 mm male) | 36 (76.6%) |
HCM subtype according to LV hypertrophy pattern | |
Asymmetric septal | 37 (64.9%) |
Concentric | 16 (28.1%) |
Predominantly apical | 4 (7.0%) |
No data | 25/82 (30.5%) |
Left atrial volume indexed | 53 (65.4%) |
Normal: 16 to 34 mL/m2 | 8 (15.1%) |
Slightly abnormal: 35 to 41 mL/m2 | 20 (37.7%) |
Moderately abnormal: 42 to 48 mL/m2 | 9 (17.0%) |
Severely abnormal: >48 mL/m2 | 16 (30.2%) |
E/A ratio | |
Normal (0.8–2) | 20 (69%) |
Abnormal (>2) | 9 (31.0%) |
Right atrial area | |
Normal ≤19 cm2 | 23(57.5%) |
Abnormal >19 cm2 | 17(42.5%) |
TAPSE | |
Normal >17 | 32 (91.4%) |
Decreased <17 | 3 (8.6%) |
S’ wave | |
Normal | 18 (78.3%) |
Abnormal | 5 (21.7%) |
Valvular heart disease | |
Mitral regurgitation | 43 (52.4%) |
Aortic insufficiency | 6 (7.3%) |
Tricuspid insufficiency | 34 (41.5%) |
Aortic stenosis | 4 (4.9%) |
Mitral stenosis | 0 (0.0%) |
LV outflow tract gradient | |
Normal | 15 (27.3%) |
<30 mmHg | 11 (20.0%) |
30–49 mmHg | 8 (14.5%) |
>50 mmHg | 21 (38.2%) |
Unreported | 27/82 (32.9%) |
SAM | 21 (47.7%) |
Pericardial effusion | 2 (3.7%) |
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López-Ponce de Leon, J.D.; Estacio, M.; Giraldo, N.; Escalante, M.; Rodas, Y.; Largo, J.; Lores, J.; Victoria, M.C.; Argote, D.; Florez, N.; et al. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Latin American Center: A Single Center Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175682
López-Ponce de Leon JD, Estacio M, Giraldo N, Escalante M, Rodas Y, Largo J, Lores J, Victoria MC, Argote D, Florez N, et al. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Latin American Center: A Single Center Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(17):5682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175682
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Ponce de Leon, Juan David, Mayra Estacio, Natalia Giraldo, Manuela Escalante, Yorlany Rodas, Jessica Largo, Juliana Lores, María Camila Victoria, Diana Argote, Noel Florez, and et al. 2023. "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Latin American Center: A Single Center Observational Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 17: 5682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175682