Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study

Yamashita, Shimpei; Inoue, Takaaki; Imai, Satoshi; Maruyama, Yohei; Iwahashi, Yuya; Deguchi, Ryusuke; Kohjimoto, Yasuo; Fujisawa, Masato; Hara, Isao

doi:10.3390/jcm12041409

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study

by

Shimpei Yamashita

^1,*,

Takaaki Inoue

^2,3

,

Satoshi Imai

⁴,

Yohei Maruyama

¹,

Yuya Iwahashi

¹,

Ryusuke Deguchi

¹,

Yasuo Kohjimoto

¹,

Masato Fujisawa

³ and

Isao Hara

¹

Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City 641-0012, Japan

²

Department of Urology, Hara Genitourinary Hospital, 5-7-17 Kitanagasadori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 650-0012, Japan

³

Department of Urology, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 650-0017, Japan

⁴

Department of Urology, Konan Medical Center, 1-5-16 Kamokogahara, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City 658-0064, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041409

Submission received: 21 December 2022 / Revised: 1 February 2023 / Accepted: 8 February 2023 / Published: 10 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Section Nephrology & Urology)

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Abstract

The differences in dynamic thermal changes during laser lithotripsy between various laser pulse modes are unclear. We used thermography to evaluate the temporal changes in high-temperature areas during laser activation in order to compare different laser pulse modes. An unroofed artificial kidney model was used for the experiments. The laser fired for 60 s with a laser setting of 0.4 J/60 Hz in the following four different laser pulse modes without saline irrigation: short pulse mode (SPM), long pulse mode (LPM), virtual basket mode (VBM) and Moses mode (MM). Using the first 30 s of moving images, we compared the ratio of a high-temperature area of >43 °C to the total area every 5 seconds. The dynamic changes in fluid temperatures were shown to be different between the laser pulse modes. The extent of the high-temperature areas during the laser activation was large in the LPM and MM compared with the SPM and VBM. While the high-temperature areas expanded in an anterior direction in the early laser irradiation period using the LPM, they spread in a posterior direction in the early laser activation period using the MM. Although only the temperature profile in one specific plane was investigated, these results are considered useful for preventing thermal injuries during retrograde intrarenal surgeries.

Keywords: ureteroscopy; retrograde intrarenal surgery; laser lithotripsy; thermal injury; thermography; Moses technology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yamashita, S.; Inoue, T.; Imai, S.; Maruyama, Y.; Iwahashi, Y.; Deguchi, R.; Kohjimoto, Y.; Fujisawa, M.; Hara, I. Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041409

AMA Style

Yamashita S, Inoue T, Imai S, Maruyama Y, Iwahashi Y, Deguchi R, Kohjimoto Y, Fujisawa M, Hara I. Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(4):1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041409

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yamashita, Shimpei, Takaaki Inoue, Satoshi Imai, Yohei Maruyama, Yuya Iwahashi, Ryusuke Deguchi, Yasuo Kohjimoto, Masato Fujisawa, and Isao Hara. 2023. "Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4: 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041409

APA Style

Yamashita, S., Inoue, T., Imai, S., Maruyama, Y., Iwahashi, Y., Deguchi, R., Kohjimoto, Y., Fujisawa, M., & Hara, I. (2023). Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041409

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Dynamic Changes in Fluid Temperatures during Laser Irradiation Using Various Laser Modes: A Thermography-Based In Vitro Phantom Study

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