Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity

Chen, Jiahao; Chen, Yiting; Lin, Yisi; Long, Jingfang; Chen, Yufeng; He, Jincai; Huang, Guiqian

doi:10.3390/jcm12041471

Open AccessArticle

Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity

by

Jiahao Chen

^1,†,

Yiting Chen

^2,†,

Yisi Lin

^1,†,

Jingfang Long

^1,†,

Yufeng Chen

³,

Jincai He

^1,* and

Guiqian Huang

^1,*

¹

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

²

School of Foreign Language Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

³

Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041471

Submission received: 1 January 2023 / Revised: 6 February 2023 / Accepted: 7 February 2023 / Published: 12 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Advances in Preclinical Approaches, Diagnoses and Treatment)

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Abstract

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a severe complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study was performed to explore and validate the relation between bilirubin levels and spontaneous HT (sHT) and HT after mechanical thrombectomy (tHT). Methods: The study population consisted of 408 consecutive AIS patients with HT and age- and sex-matched patients without HT. All patients were divided into quartiles according to total bilirubin (TBIL) level. HT was classified as hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) based on radiographic data. Results: In this study, the baseline TBIL levels were significantly higher in the HT than non-HT patients in both cohorts (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the severity of HT increased with increasing TBIL levels (p < 0.001) in sHT and tHT cohorts. The highest quartile of TBIL was associated with HT in sHT and tHT cohorts (sHT cohort: OR = 3.924 (2.051–7.505), p < 0.001; tHT cohort: OR = 3.557 (1.662–7.611), p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our results suggest that an increased TBIL is associated with a high risk of patients with sHT and tHT, and that TBIL is more suitable as a predictor for sHT than tHT. These findings may help to identify patients susceptible to different types and severity of HT.

Keywords: acute ischemic stroke; hemorrhagic transformation; bilirubin; mechanical thrombectomy; predictor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J.; Chen, Y.; Lin, Y.; Long, J.; Chen, Y.; He, J.; Huang, G. Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041471

AMA Style

Chen J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Long J, Chen Y, He J, Huang G. Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(4):1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041471

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Jiahao, Yiting Chen, Yisi Lin, Jingfang Long, Yufeng Chen, Jincai He, and Guiqian Huang. 2023. "Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4: 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041471

APA Style

Chen, J., Chen, Y., Lin, Y., Long, J., Chen, Y., He, J., & Huang, G. (2023). Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041471

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Roles of Bilirubin in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Different Types and Severity

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