Serious Bacterial Infections in Preterm Infants: Should Their Age Be “Corrected”?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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All Patients (n = 141) | Group 1 (n = 78) | Group 2 (n = 48) | Group 3 (n = 15) | Group 1 vs. Group 2 p Value | Group 2 vs. Group 3 p Value | Group 1 vs. Group 3 p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | 95 (67.4%) | 53 (67.9%) | 32(66.7%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.87 | 1 | 0.92 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 27.9 ± 1.8 | 27.9 ± 1.9 | 27.8 ± 1.7 | 28.6 ± 1.2 | 0.82 | 0.3 | 0.31 |
Birth weight (grams) | 1104 ± 297.8 | 1089 ± 314 | 1118 ± 281.1 | 1139 ± 272.5 | 0.79 | 0.98 | 0.72 |
Corrected age at presentation to ED (days) | 115 ± 94.7 | 185.7 ± 67 | 41 ± 23 | −7.9 ± 10.9 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Chronological age at presentation to ED (days) | 115.9 ± 94.7 | 185.8 ± 67 | 125.8 ± 26.1 | 71.5 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Length of stay in hospital (days) | 3.922 ± 7.28 | 2.06 ± 4.1 | 5.43 ± 10 | 8.7 ± 6.7 | 0.01 | 0.32 | <0.0001 |
Antibiotic administration (%) | 46 (32.62%) | 20 (25.64%) | 16 (33.33%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
PICU admission (%) | 10 (7.09%) | 1 (1.28%) | 7 (14.58%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.18 | 0.94 | 0.01 |
All Patients | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Group 2 vs. Group 3 | Group 1 vs. Group 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 141) | (n = 78) | (n = 48) | (n = 15) | p Value | p Value | p Value | |
Fever | 66 (46.8 %) | 47 (60.25%) | 16 (33.3%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.0002 |
Dyspnea | 47 (33.3%) | 20 (25.64%) | 19 (39.6%) | 6 (40%) | 0.09 | 0.98 | 0.23 |
Restlessness | 7 (5%) | 1 (1.28%) | 6 (12.5%) | 0 | 0.007 | 0.15 | 0.66 |
Apathy | 10 (7.1%) | 4 (5.12%) | 5 (10.4%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.26 | 0.67 | 0.75 |
Vomiting | 10 (7.1%) | 6 (7.69%) | 2 (4.2%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.43 | 0.21 | 0.48 |
Swelling of the eyes | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (6.7%) | 1 | 0.49 | 0.38 |
Group 1 (n = 78) | Group 2 (n = 48) | Group 3 (n = 15) | Control (n = 300) | Control vs. Group 1 p Value | Control vs. Group 2 p Value | Control vs. Group 3 p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serious bacterial infection, total (%) | 2 (2.6%) | 10 (20.8%) | 5 (33.3%) | 46 (15.3%) | 0.003 | 0.34 | 0.06 |
Meningitis (%) | 0 | 2 (4.16%) | 0 | 3 (1%) | 0.38 | 0.09 | 0.69 |
Bacteremia (%) | 0 | 4 (8.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 8 (2.67%) | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
Urosepsis (%) | 0 | 2 (4.16%) | 1 (6.7%) | 4 (1.33%) | 0.3 | 0.16 | 0.1 |
Urinary tract infection (%) | 2 (2.6%) | 6 (12.5%) | 4 (26.7%) | 39 (13%) | 0.009 | 0.92 | 0.13 |
Age at presentation in days (SD) | 270.3 (66.9) | 127.4 (27.9) | 71.5 (12.4) | 45.2 (22.4) | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Corrected age, days (SD) | 185.8 (67) | 42 (24.6) | 7.8 (10.5) | 45.2 (22.4) | p < 0.0001 | 0.37 | p < 0.0001 |
Gender, males (%) | 53 (67.9%) | 32 (66.7%) | 10 (66.7%) | 174 (58%) | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.5 |
Diagnosis | All patients (n = 141) | Group 1 (n = 78) | Group 2 (n = 48) | Group 3 (n = 15) | Group 1 vs. Group 2 p Value | Group 2 vs. Group 3 p Value | Group 1 vs. Group 3 p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronchiolitis | 55 (39%) | 33 (42.3%) | 19 (39.58%) | 3 (20%) | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.83 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 11 (7.8%) | 7 (8.97%) | 3 (6.25%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.8 | 0.96 | 0.54 |
Acute otitis media | 7 (5.0%) | 6 (7.69%) | 1 (2.08%) | 0 | 0.26 | 0.58 | 0.17 |
Pertussis | 2 (1.4%) | 0 | 1 (2.08%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.02 | 0.36 | 0.21 |
Gastroenteritis | 4 (2.8%) | 3 (3.84%) | 1 (2.08%) | 0 | 0.43 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
Pneumonia | 2 (1.41%) | 2 (2.56%) | 0 | 0 | 0.54 | 1 | 0.26 |
Skin infection | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (1.28%) | 1 (2.08%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.19 | 0.58 | 0.76 |
Viral infection | 42 (29.78%) | 24 (30.76%) | 14 (29.16%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.83 |
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Hadhud, M.; Gross, I.; Hurvitz, N.; Ohana Sarna Cahan, L.; Ergaz, Z.; Weiser, G.; Ofek Shlomai, N.; Eventov Friedman, S.; Hashavya, S. Serious Bacterial Infections in Preterm Infants: Should Their Age Be “Corrected”? J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093242
Hadhud M, Gross I, Hurvitz N, Ohana Sarna Cahan L, Ergaz Z, Weiser G, Ofek Shlomai N, Eventov Friedman S, Hashavya S. Serious Bacterial Infections in Preterm Infants: Should Their Age Be “Corrected”? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(9):3242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093242
Chicago/Turabian StyleHadhud, Mohamad, Itai Gross, Noa Hurvitz, Lea Ohana Sarna Cahan, Zivanit Ergaz, Giora Weiser, Noa Ofek Shlomai, Smadar Eventov Friedman, and Saar Hashavya. 2023. "Serious Bacterial Infections in Preterm Infants: Should Their Age Be “Corrected”?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 9: 3242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093242