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Review

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations

by
Michal Majewski
1,
Karolina Piwko
1,
Michal Ordak
1,*,
Elzbieta Muszynska
2,
Tadeusz Nasierowski
3 and
Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
1
1
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
3
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27 Str., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2823; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102823
Submission received: 10 March 2024 / Revised: 1 May 2024 / Accepted: 8 May 2024 / Published: 10 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Neurology)
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Abstract

In recent years, a series of articles has been published concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in a group of patients exposed to manganism, specifically factory workers, welders, and individuals with liver diseases, as well as those abusing home-produced ephedrone. Some potential symptoms of manganese toxicity include motor disturbances, neurocognitive problems, sleep disorders, and psychosocial changes. Despite various publications on MRI research in individuals with an elevated risk of manganism, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review in this field. The detection of the accumulation of manganese in the brain through MRI can confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Due to the high cost of determining manganese ion levels in biological material, an additional aim of the manuscript was to identify simple medical laboratory parameters that, when performed concurrently with MRI, could assist in the diagnosis of manganism. Among these types of parameters are the levels of bilirubin, magnesium, liver enzymes, creatinine, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; manganese; manganism magnetic resonance imaging; manganese; manganism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Majewski, M.; Piwko, K.; Ordak, M.; Muszynska, E.; Nasierowski, T.; Bujalska-Zadrozny, M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102823

AMA Style

Majewski M, Piwko K, Ordak M, Muszynska E, Nasierowski T, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(10):2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102823

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majewski, Michal, Karolina Piwko, Michal Ordak, Elzbieta Muszynska, Tadeusz Nasierowski, and Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny. 2024. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 10: 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102823

APA Style

Majewski, M., Piwko, K., Ordak, M., Muszynska, E., Nasierowski, T., & Bujalska-Zadrozny, M. (2024). Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(10), 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102823

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