A Detailed Examination of Retroperitoneal Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Existing Literature

This detailed review focuses on retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), a particularly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and complex presentation. By documenting a new case of retroperitoneal UPS and conducting a comprehensive review of all known cases, this article aims to expand the existing body of knowledge on the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment strategies associated with this rare disease. The complexity of diagnosing UPS is emphasized given that it rarely occurs in the retroperitoneal space and its histological and molecular complexity often complicates its recognition. This review highlights the need for specialized diagnostic approaches, including advanced imaging techniques and histopathological studies, to accurately diagnose and stage the disease. In terms of treatment, this paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and tailors it to individual patients to optimize treatment outcomes. This review highlights case studies that illustrate the effectiveness of surgical intervention in the treatment of these tumors and emphasize the importance of achieving clear surgical margins to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential of new molecular targets and the need for innovative therapies that could bring new hope to patients affected by this challenging sarcoma.