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Understanding Type II Endoleak: A Harmless Imaging Finding or a Silent Threat?
by
Georgios Koudounas
Georgios Koudounas 1
,
Stefanos Giannopoulos
Stefanos Giannopoulos 2
,
Nektarios Charisis
Nektarios Charisis 3
and
Nicos Labropoulos
Nicos Labropoulos
Prof. Dr. Nicos Labropoulos is currently a professor of Surgery and Radiology at Stony Brook Long He [...]
Prof. Dr. Nicos Labropoulos is currently a professor of Surgery and Radiology at Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, NY. He is the director of the Vascular Laboratory and has a major interest in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of vascular diseases. He completed his undergraduate training at the University of London and his PhD and Vascular Fellowship at St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, UK. Professor Labropoulos is on the editorial board of 11 journals and serves as a reviewer for over 20 medical and surgical journals. He has been awarded multiple grants for clinical and basic science studies, many prizes in medical and surgical meetings around the world, and has been a traveling fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. He is actively involved in many national and international vascular and venous societies as well as national committees and accrediting organizations. He has been working on vascular imaging, aortic wall remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, the development and natural history of chronic venous disorders, and venous thromboembolism including the inflammatory pathways in both. He is on the Panel of VTE experts at the Joint Commission and the National Quality Forum and is the recipient of the Society of Vascular Surgery Presidential Citation Award. He is also actively involved in vascular training and education through many local, national, and international organizations.
2,*
1
Vascular Unit, 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokratio Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
3
Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4250; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144250 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 June 2024
/
Revised: 6 July 2024
/
Accepted: 17 July 2024
/
Published: 20 July 2024
Abstract
Type II endoleak (T2EL) represents a challenging clinical entity following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Although several studies have suggested that T2ELs are related to an increased risk of aneurysm sac growth and subsequent rupture, the exact role that T2ELs play in long-term outcomes remains debatable. Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and management options of T2ELs is important for patients’ safety and proper resource utilization. While conservative management may be suitable for asymptomatic patients with a stable aneurysm size, interventional approaches, including transarterial embolization, direct sac puncture embolization and open conversion have been described for patients with persistent T2EL associated with sac expansion. However, more research is needed to better determine the clinical benefit of such interventions. A thorough evaluation of all endoleak types before T2EL treatment would be reasonable for patients with T2ELs associated with sac expansion. Further studies are needed to refine treatment strategies aimed at minimizing T2EL-related complications. Collaborative efforts among vascular specialists, radiologists, and researchers are of paramount importance to address this ongoing clinical challenge.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Koudounas, G.; Giannopoulos, S.; Charisis, N.; Labropoulos, N.
Understanding Type II Endoleak: A Harmless Imaging Finding or a Silent Threat? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4250.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144250
AMA Style
Koudounas G, Giannopoulos S, Charisis N, Labropoulos N.
Understanding Type II Endoleak: A Harmless Imaging Finding or a Silent Threat? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(14):4250.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144250
Chicago/Turabian Style
Koudounas, Georgios, Stefanos Giannopoulos, Nektarios Charisis, and Nicos Labropoulos.
2024. "Understanding Type II Endoleak: A Harmless Imaging Finding or a Silent Threat?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 14: 4250.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144250
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