Two-Decade Retrospective Analysis of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Spain and Mexico: A Comprehensive Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Clinical Features
3.3. Causative Organisms and Sources of Infection
3.4. Treatment Modalities
3.5. Early Outcomes and Complications
3.6. Visual Prognostic Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Risk Factors and Foci
4.2. Variance in Microbiological Profiles
4.3. Management and Resistance
4.4. Outcomes and Complications in Endogenous Endophthalmitis
4.5. Limitations and Future Research Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Characteristics | Global | Spain | Mexico |
---|---|---|---|
Mean age (range) | 58 | 63 | 51 |
(19–94) | (19–94) | (23–75) | |
Sex (men) | 51.90% | 67.39% * | 29.03% * |
Laterality (right eye) | 55.13% | 53.19% | 58.06% |
Bilaterality | 27.30% | 19.57% | 38.71% |
Rural background | 54.50% | 73.91% * | 25.81% * |
Recent hospitalization | 43.80% | 28.30% | 61.30% |
Risk Factor | Spain | Mexico | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Advanced-stage neoplasia | ||||||
No | 33 | 65.2% | 29 | 93.5% | 0.013 | |
Yes | 13 | 28.3% | 1 | 3.2% | ||
Immunosuppression | ||||||
No | 28 | 60.90% | 24 | 77.40% | 0.261 | |
Yes | 15 | 32.60% | 5 | 16.10% | ||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
No | 26 | 56.50% | 11 | 35.50% | 0.109 | |
Yes | 17 | 37.00% | 19 | 61.30% | ||
Endocarditis | ||||||
No | 35 | 76.10% | 30 | 96.80% | 0.035 | |
Yes | 8 | 17.40% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) | ||||||
No | 37 | 80.40% | 29 | 93.50% | 0.256 | |
Yes | 6 | 13.00% | 1 | 3.20% | ||
Dependence | ||||||
No | 40 | 87.00% | 28 | 90.30% | 0.814 | |
Yes | 3 | 6.50% | 2 | 6.50% | ||
Meningitis | ||||||
No | 39 | 84.80% | 30 | 96.80% | 0.155 | |
Yes | 5 | 10.90% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Urinary tract infection | ||||||
No | 35 | 76.10% | 12 | 38.70% | <0.001 | |
Yes | 8 | 17.40% | 18 | 58.10% | ||
Recent use of broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics (on the last month) | ||||||
No | 29 | 63.00% | 11 | 35.50% | 0.027 | |
Yes | 14 | 30.40% | 19 | 61.30% | ||
Recent hospitalization (at least 15 days within the last year) | ||||||
No | 30 | 65.20% | 11 | 35.50% | 0.016 | |
Yes | 13 | 28.30% | 19 | 61.30% | ||
Parenteral nutrition | ||||||
No | 43 | 93.50% | 30 | 96.80% | 0.523 | |
Remote abscess | ||||||
No | 27 | 58.70% | 28 | 90.30% | 0.009 | |
Yes | 16 | 34.80% | 2 | 6.50% | ||
Indwelling catheter carrier | ||||||
No | 39 | 84.80% | 27 | 87.10% | 0.811 | |
Yes | 4 | 8.70% | 3 | 9.70% | ||
Positive blood cultures (sepsis, bacteremia, or fungemia) | ||||||
No | 22 | 47.80% | 21 | 67.70% | 0.223 | |
Yes | 22 | 47.80% | 9 | 29.00% |
Microorganisms | Spain | Mexico | |
---|---|---|---|
Fungi | Candida | 27.0% | 47.1% |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 8.1% | 0.0% | |
Gram-negative bacteria | Brucella | 2.7% | 0.0% |
Neisseria meningitidis | 2.7% | 0.0% | |
Bacteroides caccae | 2.7% | 0.0% | |
Escherichia coli | 5.4% | 17.6% | |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 8.1% | 0.0% | |
Pseudomonas | 0.0% | 5.9% | |
Serratia liquefaciens | 2.7% | 0.0% | |
Gram-positive bacteria | Staphylococcus | 18.9% | 17.6% |
Streptococcus | 13.5% | 0.0% | |
Streptomyces | 5.4% | 0.0% | |
Actinomyces viscosus | 0.0% | 5.9% | |
Listeria monocytogenes | 0.0% | 5.9% | |
Enterococcus faecalis | 2.7% | 0.0% |
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de Esteban Maciñeira, E.; Bande, M.F.; Soberanes-Pérez, J.I.; Paniagua, L.; Golzarri, M.F.; Fromow-Guerra, J.; Blanco Teijeiro, M.J.; Touriño Peralba, R. Two-Decade Retrospective Analysis of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Spain and Mexico: A Comprehensive Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174990
de Esteban Maciñeira E, Bande MF, Soberanes-Pérez JI, Paniagua L, Golzarri MF, Fromow-Guerra J, Blanco Teijeiro MJ, Touriño Peralba R. Two-Decade Retrospective Analysis of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Spain and Mexico: A Comprehensive Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):4990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174990
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Esteban Maciñeira, Elia, Manuel F. Bande, Jorge Ivan Soberanes-Pérez, Laura Paniagua, Maria F. Golzarri, Jans Fromow-Guerra, María José Blanco Teijeiro, and Rosario Touriño Peralba. 2024. "Two-Decade Retrospective Analysis of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Spain and Mexico: A Comprehensive Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 4990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174990