Impact of Molecular Profiling on Therapy Management in Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Approaches in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Breast Cancer
2.1. Immunohistochemistry in Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer and Therapy
Luminal-Like Breast Cancer Types
2.2. Gene Expression Profiling in Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Therapy Selection
2.3. Immune-Related Gene Signatures
2.4. The Synergy between Genomic Testing and Ki-67 in Personalized Breast Cancer Surveillance
2.5. Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Women: Evidence-Based Approach
2.6. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) Transition in Breast Carcinoma: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Targets
2.7. Adaptive Molecular Subtyping in Breast Cancer: An Emerging Concept
3. Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Therapy Management
3.1. Her2 Monoclonal Antibodies: Clinical Impact and Future Directions in Breast Cancer Treatment
3.2. Her2 Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Advances and Future Directions in Breast Cancer Therapy
3.3. Her2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Treatment
4. Liquid Biopsy as a Modern Tool for the Management of Breast Cancer
4.1. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)
4.2. Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acids (ctNAs)
4.3. Tumor-Educated Platelets (TEPs)
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Therapeutic Setup: HER-2 Positive BC | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Monoclonal antibodies | Agents: Trastuzumab (Herceptin), Pertuzumab (Perjeta), Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, Kadcyla), Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) and hyaluronidase-zzxf (Phesgo) |
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Agents: Neratinib (Nerlynx), Lapatinib (Tykerb), Tucatinib (Tukysa) | |
Antibody-Drug Conjugates | Agent: Margetuximab-cmkb (Margenza) | |
Therapeutic setup: Hormone receptor-positive BC | ||
Type | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) | Agents: Tamoxifen citrate (Soltamox), Toremifene (Fareston) |
Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs) | Agents: Fulvestrant (Faslodex) Elacestrant dihydrochloride (Orserdu) | |
Aromatase Inhibitors | Agents: Anastrozole (Arimidex), Letrozole (Femara), Exemestane (Aromasin) | |
CDK4/6 Inhibitors | Agents: Palbociclib (Ibrance), Ribociclib (Kisqali), Abemaciclib (Verzenio) | |
Therapeutic setup: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) | ||
Type | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | Agents: Atezolizumab (Tecentriq), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) |
Antibody-Drug Conjugates | Agent: Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) | |
Other indications: | ||
PARP Inhibitors (for BRCA-Mutated Breast Cancer) | Agents: Olaparib (Lynparza), Talazoparib (Talzenna) | |
PI3K Inhibitors | Agent: Alpelisib (Piqray) | |
mTOR Inhibitors | Agent: Everolimus (Afinitor) | |
AKT inhibitors | Agent: Capivasertib (Truqap) | |
Antibody-Drug Conjugates | Agent: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) |
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Ultimescu, F.; Hudita, A.; Popa, D.E.; Olinca, M.; Muresean, H.A.; Ceausu, M.; Stanciu, D.I.; Ginghina, O.; Galateanu, B. Impact of Molecular Profiling on Therapy Management in Breast Cancer. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174995
Ultimescu F, Hudita A, Popa DE, Olinca M, Muresean HA, Ceausu M, Stanciu DI, Ginghina O, Galateanu B. Impact of Molecular Profiling on Therapy Management in Breast Cancer. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174995
Chicago/Turabian StyleUltimescu, Flavia, Ariana Hudita, Daniela Elena Popa, Maria Olinca, Horatiu Alin Muresean, Mihail Ceausu, Diana Iuliana Stanciu, Octav Ginghina, and Bianca Galateanu. 2024. "Impact of Molecular Profiling on Therapy Management in Breast Cancer" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13174995