A Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Stretching of the Hamstrings and Core Control for Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Settings
2.2. Participants
2.3. Randomization, Allocation, and Blinding
2.4. Interventions
2.5. Outcomes
2.6. Sample Size
2.7. Procedure
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pre-Intervention Group Comparison
3.2. Pre- and Post-Intervention Comparisons
3.3. Post-Intervention Results between Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | E-Group | C-Group | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Female, n (%) | 18 (69.2%) | 16 (61.5%) | 0.5599 |
Male, n (%) | 8 (30.8%) | 10 (38.5%) | |
Body weight (kg) | 69.2 (11.5) | 171.5 (9.3) | 0.9595 |
Body height (cm) | 69.4 (16.3) | 172.5 (10.3) | 0.7144 |
Spinal curve angles | |||
Kyphotic angle VP-ITL [°] in a StP | 40.8 (6.8) | 42.9 (8.4) | 0.3748 |
Lordotic angle ITL-DM [°] in a StP | 33.7 (9.7) | 38.7 (10.6) | 0.0805 |
Kyphotic angle VP-ITL [°] in a SitP | 41.5 (10.2) | 39.3 (9.5) | 0.3506 |
Lordotic angle ITL-DM [°] in a SitP | 2.4 (5.3) | 5.1 (4.4.) | 0.0905 |
Baseline outcome measure characteristics | |||
SLR RL | 68.9 (6.6) | 70.8 (3.1) | 0.6890 |
SLR LL | 69.4 (5.8) | 71.3 (1.9) | 0.9926 |
VAS | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.2) | 0.0854 |
ODI | 11.7 (6.7) | 12.5 (3.6) | 0.1850 |
LBD | 6.0 (2.4) | 5.1 (1.8) | 0.1112 |
E-Group | C-Group | ||
---|---|---|---|
The frequency of NLBP | |||
Very rare NLBP (1–3/month) | n (%) | 16 (61.5%) | 12 (46.2%) |
NLBP a few times a month (1–3/week) | n (%) | 9 (34.6%) | 12 (46.2%) |
Frequent or constant NLBP (more than 3/week) | n (%) | 1 (3.9%) | 2 (7.7%) |
Circumstances in which NLBP occurs or increases * | |||
Sitting | n (%) | 18 (69.2%) | 18 (69.2%) |
Standing | n (%) | 16 (61.5%) | 12 (46.2%) |
Lying | n (%) | 4 (15.4%) | 8 (30.8%) |
Lifting heavy objects | n (%) | 8 (30.8%) | 8 (30.8%) |
Performing household chores (cleaning, cooking, getting dressed) | n (%) | 4 (15.4%) | 12 (46.2%) |
Physical effort | n (%) | 6 (23.1%) | 4 (15.4%) |
The knowledge of how to sit properly | |||
I don’t know the rules | n (%) | 2 (7.7%) | 6 (23.1%) |
Yes, I know the rules, but I can’t apply them in practice | n (%) | 12 (46.2%) | 8 (30.8%) |
Yes, I know the rules and I can apply them in practice | n (%) | 12 (46.2%) | 12 (46.2%) |
E-Group | p-Value | C-Group | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS | Pre | 5.8 (1.3) | 0.0458 | 5.3 (1.2) | 0.1128 |
Post | 5.3 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.1) | |||
ODI | Pre | 11.7 (6.7) | 0.0479 | 12.5 (3.6) | 0.1401 |
Post | 9.5 (4.9) | 14.0 (6.1) | |||
LBD | Pre | 6.0 (2.4) | 0.0137 | 5.1 (1.8) | 0.3078 |
Post | 4.6 (2.7) | 4.6 (1.8) | |||
SLR RL | Pre | 68.9 (5.3) | 0.0000 | 68.7 (2.2) | 0.5098 |
Post | 74.2 (4.9) | 68.9 (2.5) | |||
SLR LL | Pre | 67.3 (4.3) | 0.0000 | 69.7 (0.5) | 0.3280 |
Post | 74.1 (4.0) | 70.0 (1.5) |
E-Group | C-Group | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
VAS, Δ (95% CI) | 0.5 (−0.1 to 1.1) | −0.4 (−0.8 to 0.0) | 0.0367 |
ODI, Δ (95% CI) | 2.2 (−0.2 to 4.5) | −1.5 (−3.7 to 0.6) | 0.0670 |
LBD, Δ (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.3 to 1.7) | 0.2 to (−0.2 to 0.7) | 0.0063 |
SLR RL, Δ (95% CI) | 7.5 (6.5 to8.5) | 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9) | 0.0000 |
SLR LL, Δ (95% CI) | 6.8 (5.6 to 7.9) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.0) | 0.0000 |
GPE, mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | 0.0346 |
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Plandowska, M.; Labecka, M.K.; Truszczyńska-Baszak, A.; Rajabi, R.; Płaszewski, M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Stretching of the Hamstrings and Core Control for Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5048. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175048
Plandowska M, Labecka MK, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Rajabi R, Płaszewski M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Stretching of the Hamstrings and Core Control for Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):5048. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175048
Chicago/Turabian StylePlandowska, Magdalena, Marta Kinga Labecka, Aleksandra Truszczyńska-Baszak, Reza Rajabi, and Maciej Płaszewski. 2024. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Stretching of the Hamstrings and Core Control for Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 5048. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175048