Sphingolipids and Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bioactive Sphingolipid Classes and Their Metabolism
2.1. Ceramide
2.2. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
2.3. Ceramide-1-Phosphate
2.4. Complex Sphingolipids
3. Sphingolipid Role in Normal Renal Function
4. Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease
5. The Role of Sphingolipids in Diabetic Kidney Disease
6. Sphingolipids in Kidney Transplantation
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Injury Type/Disease | Model | Pathway/Phenotype | Sphingolipid | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nephrotoxic drugs/irradiation/bacterial toxin | In vitro and in vivo studies | Mitochondrial membrane permeability/ROS generation → apoptosis/cell survival | Ceramide ↑ and S1P ↓ | Ueda N [24] |
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system | Mice and in vitro | Second messenger/Rho–kinase pathway; vascular dysfunction (S1P); aldosterone synthesis | Ceramide; S1P | Berry et al. [48]; Meissner et al. [49] |
Podocyte dysfunction | ||||
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Human | Actin cytoskeleton remodeling, apoptosis | SMPDL3b overexpression; GM3 ↓, S1P (?) | Fornoni et al. [50]; Drexler et al. [51] |
Diabetic kidney disease | In vitro, mice, in vivo | Podocyte insulin signaling dysregulation; podocyte dysfunction; promotion of fibrosis | iS1P ↑, iGM3 ↓, iC1P ↓, ceramide ↑, SMPDL3b activity ↑ | Hammad et al. [52]; Gorska et al. [53]; Malella et al. [21]; Mitrofanova et al. [54] |
S1P lyase deficiency | Human, mice, rats | Sphingolipid accumulation, foot process effacement | S1P ↑, ceramide ↑ | Schumann et al. [55]; Imeri et al. [56] |
Farber disease | Human | Foot process effacement | Ceramide ↑ | Li et al. [57] |
Niemann-Pick disease | Human | Lipid accumulation, glomerular sclerosis | Sphingomyelin ↑ | Grafft et al. [58] |
Fabry disease | Human | Increased autophagy, mTOR dysregulation (?) | Gb3 ↑ | Liebau et al. [59] |
Gaucher disease | Human | Podocyte dysfunction, Gaucher cell formation | Glucosyceramide | Santoro et al. [60] |
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Šakić, Z.; Atić, A.; Potočki, S.; Bašić-Jukić, N. Sphingolipids and Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175050
Šakić Z, Atić A, Potočki S, Bašić-Jukić N. Sphingolipids and Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175050
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠakić, Zrinka, Armin Atić, Slavica Potočki, and Nikolina Bašić-Jukić. 2024. "Sphingolipids and Chronic Kidney Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175050