Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Participants (%) |
---|---|
Body Mass Index (BMI) | |
<18.5 kg/m2 | 50 (9.9%) |
18.5–25 kg/m2 | 308 (61.1%) |
>25 kg/m2 | 146 (29.0%) |
Studies | |
High school studies | 106 (21.0%) |
Bachelor’s studies | 215 (42.7%) |
Master’s studies | 161 (31.9%) |
Doctoral studies | 10 (2%) |
Secondary school studies | 12 (2.4%) |
Monthly income | |
<700 euro | 96 (19%) |
700–1000 euro | 158 (31.3%) |
1000–2000 euro | 153 (30.4%) |
>2000 euro | 43 (8.5%) |
Without a job | 54 (10.7%) |
Marital status | |
Married | 275 (54.6%) |
Unmarried | 222 (44%) |
Divorced | 6 (1.2%) |
Widow | 1 (0.2%) |
Professional activity | |
Entirely at the company office | 317 (62.9%) |
Hybrid system (at the company office and in the “remote” system—“work from home”) | 72 (14.3%) |
“Remote” system (“work from home”) | 50 (9.9%) |
Without a job | 65 (12.9%) |
Number of births | |
0 | 342 (67.9%) |
1 | 115 (22.8%) |
2 | 46 (9.1%) |
3 | 1 (0.2%) |
Delivery | |
Caesarean section | 96 (19%) |
Vaginal delivery | 62 (12.4%) |
At least one vaginal delivery and at least one cesarean section | 4 (0.8%) |
Not applicable | 342 (67.9%) |
Characteristics | Dysmenorrhea (%) | Total (%) | χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||
Menstrual cycle | 0.064 | 0.800 | |||
Regular (between 21 and 35 days) | 345 (81.8) | 68 (82.9) | 413 (81.9) | ||
Irregular (<21 days or >35 days) | 77 (18.2) | 14 (17.1) | 91 (18.1) | ||
Duration of menstruation | 5.822 | 0.054 | |||
<3 days | 19 (4.5) | 4 (4.9) | 23 (4.6) | ||
3–5 days | 247 (58.5) | 59 (59) | 306 (60.7) | ||
>5 days | 156 (37) | 19 (23.2) | 175 (34.7) | ||
Degree of bleeding | 8.193 | 0.017 | |||
Normal bleeding (7–10 absorbents used) | 258 (61.1) | 56 (68.3) | 314 (62.3) | ||
Heavy bleeding (>10 absorbents used) | 104 (24.6) | 9 (11) | 113 (22.4) | ||
Less bleeding (<7 absorbents used) | 60 (14.2) | 17 (20.7) | 77 (15.3) | ||
Sexual life | 0.321 | 0.571 | |||
Active | 344 (81.5) | 69 (84.1) | 413 (81.9) | ||
Inactive | 78 (18.5) | 13 (15.9) | 91 (18.1) | ||
Combined oral contraceptives | 3.045 | 0.081 | |||
Yes | 28 (6.6) | 10 (12.2) | 38 (7.5) | ||
No | 394 (93.4) | 72 (87.8) | 466 (92.5) | ||
Dyspareunia | 14.868 | 0.002 | |||
Yes, most of the time | 62 (14.7) | 3 (3.7) | 65 (12.9) | ||
Yes, in few cases | 152 (36.0) | 21 (25.6) | 173 (34.3) | ||
No | 186 (44.1) | 53 (64.6) | 239 (47.4) | ||
Not applicable | 22 (5.2) | 5 (6.1) | 27 (5.4) | ||
Smoking | 3.048 | 0.218 | |||
Yes | 139 (32.9) | 19 (23.2) | 158 (31.3) | ||
Former smoker | 73 (17.3) | 16 (19.5) | 89 (17.7) | ||
No | 210 (49.8) | 47 (57.3) | 257 (51) | ||
Sleeping | 1.584 | 0.453 | |||
<6 h | 77 (18.2) | 15 (18.3) | 92 (18.3) | ||
6–9 h | 337 (79.9) | 67 (81.7) | 404 (80.2) | ||
>9 h | 8 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.6) | ||
Premenstrual syndrome | 96.405 | < 0.001 | |||
Yes, most of the time | 329 (78) | 21 (25.6) | 350 (69.4) | ||
Yes, in few cases | 81 (19.2) | 45 (54.9) | 126 (25) | ||
No | 12 (2.8) | 16 (19.5) | 28 (5.6) | ||
Family history of dysmenorrhea | 51.658 | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 295 (69.9) | 23 (28.0) | 318 (63.1) | ||
No | 127 (30.1) | 59 (72.0) | 186 (36.9) | ||
Infertility | 4.479 | 0.034 | |||
Yes | 76 (18.0) | 7 (8.5) | 83 (16.5) | ||
No | 346 (82.0) | 75 (91.5) | 421 (83.5) | ||
Gastritis | 4.214 | 0.040 | |||
Yes | 61 (14.5) | 5 (6.1) | 66 (13.1) | ||
No | 361 (85.5) | 77 (93.9) | 438 (86.9) | ||
Frequent coffee consumption | 0.861 | 0.354 | |||
Yes | 319 (75.6) | 58 (70.7) | 377 (74.8) | ||
No | 103 (24.4) | 24 (29.3) | 127 (25.2) | ||
Frequent chocolate consumption | 0.352 | 0.553 | |||
Yes | 190 (45.0) | 34 (41.5) | 224 (44.4) | ||
No | 232 (55.0) | 48 (58.5) | 280 (55.6) |
Characteristics | Pain Intensity | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
Number of participants (%) | 27 (6.4%) | 230 (54.5%) | 165 (39.1%) |
Quality of life affected (%) | |||
Yes | 9 (33.3%) | 151 (65.7%) | 152 (92.1%) |
No | 18 (66.7%) | 79 (34.3%) | 13 (7.9%) |
Mean score of pain (±std *) | 4.11 ± 1.28 | 6.36 ± 1.22 | 8.69 ± 1.00 |
Mean DysmenQoL score (±std) | 46.03 ± 14.85 | 57.34 ± 14.45 | 69.53 ± 15.90 |
Statements | Number of Participants (%) for Each Score | Mean ± Std | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Never | 2 Few Cases | 3 Sometimes | 4 Most of the Time | 5 Every Time | ||
1. “ You feel more agitated or nervous” | 7 (1.7) | 32 (7.6) | 88 (20.9) | 154 (36.5) | 141 (33.4) | 3.92 ± 0.99 |
2. “ You feel more tired” | 7 (1.7) | 28 (6.6) | 85 (20.1) | 145 (34.4) | 157 (37.2) | 3.99 ± 0.99 |
3. “ You feel more stressed” | 16 (3.8) | 39 (9.2) | 107 (25.4) | 132 (31.3) | 128 (30.3) | 3.75 ± 1.09 |
4. “ You have less energy for daily activities” | 16 (3.8) | 37 (8.8) | 45 (10.7) | 142 (33.6) | 182 (43.1) | 4.04 ± 1.11 |
5. “ You do not have adequate nutrition” | 30 (7.1) | 67 (23.0) | 124 (29.4) | 99 (23.5) | 102 (24.2) | 3.42 ± 1.21 |
6. “ You cannot practice your usual physical activities” | 35 (8.3) | 60 (14.2) | 96 (22.7) | 125 (29.6) | 106 (25.1) | 3.49 ± 1.24 |
7. “ The quality of sleep is altered” | 47 (11.1) | 70 (16.6) | 117 (27.7) | 99 (23.5) | 89 (21.1) | 3.27 ± 1.27 |
8. “ You change your schedule of vacations or recreational activities” | 86 (20.4) | 75 (17.8) | 97 (23.0) | 81 (19.2) | 83 (19.7) | 3.00 ± 1.40 |
9. “ You change your clothing style” | 61 (14.5) | 58 (13.7) | 84 (19.9) | 88 (20.9) | 131 (31.0) | 3.40 ± 1.41 |
10. “ You have conflicts with family members or life partner” | 81 (19.2) | 88 (20.9) | 111 (26.3) | 67 (15.9) | 75 (17.8) | 2.92 ± 1.35 |
11. “ You isolate yourself from family members or your life partner” | 163 (38.6) | 69 (16.4) | 91 (21.6) | 53 (12.6) | 46 (10.9) | 2.41 ± 1.38 |
12. “ You are less concerned with family duties” | 119 (28.2) | 87 (20.6) | 108 (25.6) | 65 (15.4) | 43 (10.2) | 2.59 ± 1.31 |
13. “ Family members do not understand your discomfort and are not there for you” | 219 (51.9) | 79 (18.7) | 55 (13.0) | 38 (9.0) | 31 (7.3) | 2.01 ± 1.29 |
14. “ Couple activities are affected” | 102 (24.2) | 101 (23.9) | 105 (24.9) | 66 (15.6) | 48 (11.4) | 2.66 ± 1.30 |
15. “ You avoid meetings with friends” | 122 (28.9) | 75 (17.8) | 95 (22.5) | 70 (16.6) | 60 (14.2) | 2.69 ± 1.40 |
16. “ You talk less with friends” | 144 (34.1) | 82 (19.4) | 97 (23.0) | 55 (13.0) | 44 (10.4) | 2.46 ± 1.35 |
17. “ You avoid professional discussions or meetings” | 135 (32.0) | 64 (15.2) | 94 (22.3) | 66 (15.6) | 63 (14.9) | 2.66 ± 1.44 |
18. “ You can not concentrate at work” | 55 (13.0) | 80 (19.0) | 114 (27.0) | 96 (22.7) | 77 (18.2) | 3.14 ± 1.28 |
19. “ You are not productive in carrying out professional activities” | 59 (14.0) | 78 (18.5) | 107 (25.4) | 97 (23.0) | 81 (19.2) | 3.15 ± 1.31 |
20. “ You have more conflicts or contradictory discussions with colleagues at work” | 134 (31.8) | 100 (23.7) | 101 (23.9) | 55 (13.0) | 32 (7.6) | 2.41 ± 1.26 |
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Amza, M.; Findeklee, S.; Haj Hamoud, B.; Sima, R.-M.; Poenaru, M.-O.; Popescu, M.; Pleș, L. Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195660
Amza M, Findeklee S, Haj Hamoud B, Sima R-M, Poenaru M-O, Popescu M, Pleș L. Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(19):5660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195660
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmza, Mihaela, Sebastian Findeklee, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Romina-Marina Sima, Mircea-Octavian Poenaru, Mihai Popescu, and Liana Pleș. 2024. "Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19: 5660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195660
APA StyleAmza, M., Findeklee, S., Haj Hamoud, B., Sima, R. -M., Poenaru, M. -O., Popescu, M., & Pleș, L. (2024). Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(19), 5660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195660