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Review

Adult Stem Cells and Diseases of Aging

by
Lisa B. Boyette
1,2 and
Rocky S. Tuan
1,2,3,*
1
Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
2
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
3
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(1), 88-134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3010088
Submission received: 20 November 2013 / Revised: 15 December 2013 / Accepted: 17 December 2013 / Published: 21 January 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Stem Cell Treatments)

Abstract

Preservation of adult stem cells pools is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis into old age. Exhaustion of adult stem cell pools as a result of deranged metabolic signaling, premature senescence as a response to oncogenic insults to the somatic genome, and other causes contribute to tissue degeneration with age. Both progeria, an extreme example of early-onset aging, and heritable longevity have provided avenues to study regulation of the aging program and its impact on adult stem cell compartments. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the effects of aging on stem cells, contributions of stem cells to age-related pathologies, examples of signaling pathways at work in these processes, and lessons about cellular aging gleaned from the development and refinement of cellular reprogramming technologies. We highlight emerging therapeutic approaches to manipulation of key signaling pathways corrupting or exhausting adult stem cells, as well as other approaches targeted at maintaining robust stem cell pools to extend not only lifespan but healthspan.
Keywords: aging; stem cells; reprogramming; progeria; longevity; FoxO; Wnt; metabolic disease; oxidative stress aging; stem cells; reprogramming; progeria; longevity; FoxO; Wnt; metabolic disease; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Boyette, L.B.; Tuan, R.S. Adult Stem Cells and Diseases of Aging. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3, 88-134. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3010088

AMA Style

Boyette LB, Tuan RS. Adult Stem Cells and Diseases of Aging. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2014; 3(1):88-134. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3010088

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyette, Lisa B., and Rocky S. Tuan. 2014. "Adult Stem Cells and Diseases of Aging" Journal of Clinical Medicine 3, no. 1: 88-134. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3010088

APA Style

Boyette, L. B., & Tuan, R. S. (2014). Adult Stem Cells and Diseases of Aging. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 88-134. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3010088

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