MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Carcinogenesis: Biomarkers, Functions, and Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Correlation among Smoking, Cancer, and Expression of miRNAs
2.1. Lung
2.2. Urinary Tract
3. Relationship between Smoking and DNA Breaks
4. Smoking and Aging
5. MiRNA Detection
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Target Molecules | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
miR-99a-5p | mTOR | Decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT | [68] |
miR-29a | DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MAT2A, SMS | Involvement in the cysteine and methionine metabolism | [69] |
miR-210 | HIF-1α | Promoting upper tract urothelial carcinoma carcinogenesis | [70,71] |
miR-429 | CDKN2B | Promoted cell growth and decreased apoptosis | [72] |
miR-30a-5p | claudin-5 | Suppressed cell proliferation, migration and EMT | [73] |
miR-32-5p, -224-5p, -412-3p, -203a-3p, -205-5p | Cancer specific survival, tumor progression, EMT | [74] | |
miR-21-5p | Novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma in urine | [75] | |
miR-193b | ETS1, Cyclin D1 | Inhibited cell migration activity, arrested cell at G1 phase; sensitized CDDP treatment | [76] |
miR-3713 | MMP9 | Control of cell invasiveness | [77] |
miR-451 | c-Myc | Suppressed cell migration and invasion | [78] |
miR-497 | E2F3 | Inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion | [79] |
miR-877-3p | p16 | Increased the expression of p16, inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity | [80] |
miR-130b | NF-κB | Persistent activation of NF-κB; promote the malignant progression of urothelial carcinoma | [81] |
miR-133b | Novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma in the tissue | [82] | |
miR-146a-5p | Novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma in urine | [83] | |
miR-429 | E-cadherin | Decreased cell migration and invasion through reducing ZEB1 and β-catenin | [84] |
miR-30a | Notch1 | Decreased cell proliferation and migration, activated cell cycle arrest | [85] |
miR-145 | syndecan-1 | Suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell senescence, differentiation | [86] |
miR-24 | CARMA3 | Inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and EMT | [87] |
miR-148a | DNMT1 | Reduced cell viability through apoptosis | [88] |
miR-182 | Novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma in urine | [89] | |
miR-9 | CBX7 | Decreased cell invasion ability | [90] |
miR-34a | S100P | Decreased cell invasion ability | [91] |
miR-100 | BAZ2A, mTOR, SMARCA5 | Increased cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis | [92] |
miR-99a, -100 | FGFR3, FOXA1 | Associated with regional hypomethylation | [93] |
miR-1 | UCA1 | Decreased cell proliferation and motility, induced apoptosis | [94] |
miR-29c | BCL-2, MCL-1 | Induced apoptosis | [95] |
miR-101 | Novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma in the tissue | [96] | |
miR-126 | ADAM9 | Decreased cell invasion | [97] |
miR27a | AGGF1 | Regulation of hypoxia-induced apoptosis | [98] |
miR-320a | ITGB3. | Decreased cell invasion ability | [99] |
miR-23b | Zeb1 | Inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arreset | [100] |
miR-96 | FOXO1 | Tumorigenesis, control cell apoptosis | [101] |
miR-34a | Notch1 | Decreased cell invasion and migration | [102] |
miR-143 | cyclooxygenase-2 | Decreased cell proliferation and motility | [103] |
miR-125b | E2F3 | Regulate G1/S transition through the E2F3-cyclin A2 signaling pathway | [104] |
miR-101 | EZH2 | Inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation | [105] |
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Fujii, T.; Shimada, K.; Nakai, T.; Ohbayashi, C. MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Carcinogenesis: Biomarkers, Functions, and Therapy. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7050098
Fujii T, Shimada K, Nakai T, Ohbayashi C. MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Carcinogenesis: Biomarkers, Functions, and Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(5):98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7050098
Chicago/Turabian StyleFujii, Tomomi, Keiji Shimada, Tokiko Nakai, and Chiho Ohbayashi. 2018. "MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Carcinogenesis: Biomarkers, Functions, and Therapy" Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 5: 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7050098