Medication-Taking Habit and Outcome of Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis Patients Influenced by National Health Insurance Regulations in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Prescription Guidelines of GS Covered by Taiwan’s NHI (before October 2018)
2.4. Study Design
2.5. Specific Study End Point
2.6. Medication-Taking Habits of GS
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Osteoarthritis Medication-Taking Habit
3.2. Sex and Age Distributions of the Study and Control Groups
3.3. Outcome Analysis of GS
3.4. Medication-Taking Habit of GS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Medications ‡ | Years (n/p: total number of prescriptions) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 (n/p = 204,114) | 2005 (n/p = 195,142) | 2006 (n/p = 248,268) | 2007 (n/p = 256,048) | 2008 (n/p = 278,511) | ||||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
Glucosamine sulfate | 4461 | (2.2) | 4419 | (2.3) | 4265 | (1.7) | 4176 | (1.6) | 4326 | (1.6) |
Corticosteroids | 2050 | (1.0) | 1971 | (1.0) | 2321 | (0.9) | 2519 | (1.0) | 2437 | (0.9) |
Paracetamol | 2901 | (1.4) | 3022 | (1.5) | 3138 | (1.3) | 3099 | (1.2) | 3167 | (1.1) |
Opioids | 137 | (0.1) | 78 | (0.0) | 213 | (0.1) | 488 | (0.2) | 754 | (0.3) |
NSAIDs † | 23,977 | (11.7) | 24,427 | (12.5) | 25,448 | (10.3) | 26,340 | (10.3) | 26,134 | (9.4) |
Group | χ2 | p-Value * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucosamine Sulfate-Treated (n = 271) | NSAID-Treated (n = 593) | |||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
Sex | 9.95 | 0.002 † | ||||
Male | 82 | (30.3) | 246 | (41.5) | ||
Female | 189 | (69.7) | 347 | (58.5) | ||
Age (years) | 0.01 | 1.000 † | ||||
<60 | 37 | (13.7) | 81 | (13.7) | ||
60–69 | 103 | (38.0) | 227 | (38.2) | ||
70–79 | 102 | (37.6) | 223 | (37.6) | ||
≥80 | 29 | (10.7) | 62 | (10.5) |
TJA | Group | χ2/t | p Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucosamine Sulfate-Treated (n = 271) | NSAID-Treated (n = 593) | |||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
Yes | 20 | (7.4) | 16 | (2.7) | ||
No | 251 | (92.6) | 557 | (97.3) | 9.4831 | 0.0021 ** |
Mean follow-up time, months (SD) ‡ | 40.4 | (7.9) | 45.8 | (3.9) | 10.776 | <0.001 |
Variable | Parameter Estimates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | Wald | p-Value * | OR ‡ | 95% CI § | |
GS-treated vs. NSAID-treated | 1.12 | 0.34 | 10.94 | 0.001 | 3.06 | 1.58–5.95 |
GS dosage | −0.001 | 0.001 | 0.786 | 0.375 | 0.999 | 0.996–1.001 |
Medication-Taking Habits | Number | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Daily dosage | ||
250 mg | 3 | (1.1) |
500 mg | 45 | (16.6) |
750 mg | 147 | (54.2) |
1000 mg | 11 | (4.1) |
1500 mg | 2 | (0.7) |
2250 mg | 1 | (0.4) |
Irregular | 62 | (22.9) |
p < 0.0001 * | ||
Utilization pattern | ||
Constant use, still continued NSAID use | 47 | (17.3) |
Constant use, reduced NSAID use | 19 | (7.0) |
Finally abandoned use, returned back to NSAID use only | 189 | (69.7) |
Irregular pattern | 16 | (5.9) |
p < 0.0001 * |
Group | χ2/F | p-Value * | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant Use, Still Continued NSAID Use (n = 47) | Constant Use, Reduced NSAID Use (n = 19) | Finally Abandoned Use, Returned Back to NSAID Use Only (n = 189) | Irregular Pattern (n = 16) | |||||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
TJA | 5.297 | 0.151 | ||||||||
Yes | 2 | (4.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 15 | (7.9) | 3 | (18.8) | ||
No | 45 | (95.7) | 19 | (100.0) | 174 | (92.1) | 13 | (81.3) | ||
Mean GS daily dosage (mg) † | 697 ± 197 ‡ | 726 ± 263 | 669 ± 218 | 669 ± 345 | 0.493 | 0.688 |
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Hsu, C.-H.; Hsu, N.-C.; Shih, C.-L.; Huang, H.-T.; Chen, C.-H.; Chou, P.-H. Medication-Taking Habit and Outcome of Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis Patients Influenced by National Health Insurance Regulations in Taiwan. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101734
Hsu C-H, Hsu N-C, Shih C-L, Huang H-T, Chen C-H, Chou P-H. Medication-Taking Habit and Outcome of Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis Patients Influenced by National Health Insurance Regulations in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(10):1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101734
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Chia-Hao, Nin-Chieh Hsu, Chia-Lung Shih, Hsuan-Ti Huang, Chung-Hwan Chen, and Pei-Hsi Chou. 2019. "Medication-Taking Habit and Outcome of Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis Patients Influenced by National Health Insurance Regulations in Taiwan" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10: 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101734