Serum Level and Activity of Butylcholinesterase: A Biomarker for Post-Stroke Dementia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Clinical Information
2.3. Sample Preparation for Activities Assay, Protein Assay, and Genotyping Assay
2.4. Cholinesterase Activities Assay
2.5. Plasma AChE and BChE Protein Assay
2.6. Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in AChE, BChE, and APOE
2.7. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients with Ischemic Stroke
3.2. Decreased Plasma AChE and BChE Activity with Aging in Patients with and without Stroke
3.3. Genetic Influences of Functional SNPs on AChE and BChE in Ischemic Stroke
3.4. Optimal Cut-off Point Calculated by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) Analysis for PSD Diagnosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Healthy Controls | Ischemic Stroke | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
n, Mean ± SD | n, Mean ± SD | ||
Age | 117, 65.48 ± 10.07 | 117, 65.60 ± 10.11 | 0.89 |
Gender | 1.00 | ||
Female | 43 (36.75%) | 43 (36.75%) | |
Male | 74 (63.25%) | 74 (63.25%) | |
Education duration (years) | 4, 12.50 ± 4.73 | 109, 7.39 ± 4.30 | 0.040 |
HTN | 0.010 | ||
No | 50 (43.48%) | 32 (27.35%) | |
Yes | 65 (56.52%) | 85 (72.65%) | |
DM | 0.0006 | ||
No | 90 (78.26%) | 67 (57.26%) | |
Yes | 25 (21.74%) | 50 (42.74%) | |
Alcohol drinking | 0.42 | ||
No | 103 (88.03%) | 97 (84.35%) | |
Yes | 14 (11.97%) | 18 (15.65%) | |
Smoking | 0.009 | ||
No | 100 (85.47%) | 82 (71.30%) | |
Yes | 17 (14.53%) | 33 (28.70%) | |
CDR | - | 117, 0.32 ± 0.61 | - |
30-day MRS | - | 117, 0.98 ± 1.02 | - |
Post-stroke dementia (%) | - | 30, 25.64% | - |
Stroke subtypes | - | ||
Lacunar infarction | - | 75 (64.10%) | |
Atherothrombotic infarction | - | 42 (35.90%) | |
Anticholinergic drugs | 0.21 | ||
No | 102 (87.18%) | 95 (81.20%) | |
Yes | 15 (12.82%) | 22 (18.80%) | |
Plasma AChE (pg/mL) | 67, 1271.41 ± 292.19 | 73, 1245.73 ± 404.16 | 0.28 |
Plasma BChE (ng/mL) | 76, 3822.30 ± 782.08 | 76, 3731.58 ± 682.61 | 0.42 |
ChE activity (mU/mL) | 117, 22,723.16 ± 4974.9 | 117, 22,549.4 ± 5321 | 0.84 |
BChE activity (mU/mL) | 117, 9240.96 ± 1979.02 | 117, 8711.68 ± 1875.64 | 0.12 |
AChE activity (mU/mL) | 117, 13,482.21 ± 3738.36 | 117, 13,837.72 ± 4072.74 | 0.47 |
APOE e4 carrier | 18 (16.51%) | 12 (11.43%) | 0.28 |
Variable | PSNoD | PSD | Unadjusted/Adjusted p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
n, Mean ± SD | n, Mean ± SD | ||
Age | 87, 62.98 ± 9.23 | 30, 73.20 ± 8.68 | <0.0001 |
Sex | 0.67 | ||
Female | 31 (35.63%) | 12 (40.00%) | |
Male | 56 (64.37%) | 18 (60.00%) | |
Education (years) | 80, 8.74 ± 3.56 | 29, 3.69 ± 4.05 | <0.0001/<0.0001 1 |
HTN | 0.0001/0.96 1 | ||
No | 32 (36.78%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Yes | 55 (63.22%) | 30 (100.00%) | |
DM | 0.027/0.14 1 | ||
No | 55 (63.22%) | 12 (40.00%) | |
Yes | 32 (36.78%) | 18 (60.00%) | |
Alcohol drinking | 0.86/0.25 1 | ||
No | 72 (84.71%) | 25 (83.33%) | |
Yes | 13 (15.29%) | 5 (16.67%) | |
Smoking | 0.45/0.84 1 | ||
No | 59 (69.41%) | 23 (76.67%) | |
Yes | 26 (30.59%) | 7 (23.33%) | |
30- day MRS | 87, 0.76 ± 0.75 | 30, 1.63 ± 1.38 | 0.0013/0.003 1 |
Post-stroke time (years) | 87, 2.15 ± 2.98 | 30, 2.79 ± 2.90 | 0.17/0.84 1 |
CDR | 87, 0.03 ± 0.12 | 30, 1.15 ± 0.70 | <0.0001/<0.0001 1 |
Stroke subtypes | 0.32 / 0.42 1 | ||
Lacunar infarction | 58 (66.67%) | 17 (56.67%) | |
Atherothrombotic infarction | 29 (33.33%) | 13 (43.33%) | |
Anticholinergic drugs | 0.004 | ||
No | 76 (87.36%) | 19 (63.33%) | |
Yes | 11 (12.64%) | 11 (36.67%) | |
Plasma AChE (pg/mL) | 56, 1279.02 ± 428.62 | 17, 1136.07 ± 294.71 | 0.28/0.16 2 |
Plasma BChE (ng/mL) | 59, 3855.74 ± 677.60 | 17, 3300.66 ± 515.35 | 0.0033/0.025 2 |
ChE activity (mU/mL) | 87, 23,579.08 ± 5251.55 | 30, 19,563.33 ± 4366.03 | 0.0008/0.014 2 |
BChE activity (mU/mL) | 87, 9077.72 ± 1727.28 | 30, 7650.17 ± 1912.29 | 0.0012/0.002 2 |
AChE activity (mU/mL) | 87, 14,501.36 ± 4197.17 | 30, 11,913.17 ± 2992.42 | 0.0029/0.08 2 |
APOE e4 carrier | 10 (12.99%) | 2 (7.14%) | 0.41/0.48 1 |
Gene/SNP | Healthy Controls | Ischemic Stroke | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
AChE/rs1799806 | 0.037 | ||||
GG | 93 | (85.32%) | 75 | (71.43%) | |
GC | 16 | (14.68%) | 29 | (27.62%) | |
CC | 0 | (0.00%) | 1 | (0.95%) | |
BChE/rs1803274 | 0.063 | ||||
CC | 92 | (84.40%) | 77 | (73.33%) | |
CT | 16 | (14.68%) | 28 | (26.67%) | |
TT | 1 | (0.92%) | 0 | (0.00%) | |
APOE type | 0.242 | ||||
ε3/ε3 | 77 | (70.64%) | 84 | (80.00%) | |
ε3/ε4 | 14 | (12.84%) | 12 | (11.43%) | |
ε2/ε3 | 14 | (12.84%) | 9 | (8.57%) | |
ε4/ε4 | 3 | (2.75%) | 0 | (0.00%) | |
ε1/ε3 or ε2/ε4 | 1 | (0.92%) | 0 | (0.00%) | |
APOE ε4 | 0.28 | ||||
non-carriers | 91 | (83.49%) | 93 | (88.57%) | |
carriers | 18 | (16.51%) | 12 | (11.43%) |
Group | rs1803274 Genotype | n | Mean ± SD | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | rs1803274 | ||||
Healthy controls | CC | 92 | 9416.40 ± 1884.43 | 0.098 | 0.027 |
CT | 16 | 7721.56 ±1582.06 | |||
TT | 1 | 7753.00 | |||
Ischemic Stroke | CC | 77 | 8708.75 ± 1708.44 | ||
CT | 28 | 8473.50 ± 1993.10 | |||
TT | 0 | - |
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Share and Cite
Chen, Y.-C.; Chou, W.-H.; Fang, C.-P.; Liu, T.-H.; Tsou, H.-H.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.-L. Serum Level and Activity of Butylcholinesterase: A Biomarker for Post-Stroke Dementia. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111778
Chen Y-C, Chou W-H, Fang C-P, Liu T-H, Tsou H-H, Wang Y, Liu Y-L. Serum Level and Activity of Butylcholinesterase: A Biomarker for Post-Stroke Dementia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(11):1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111778
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yi-Chun, Wen-Hai Chou, Chiu-Ping Fang, Tung-Hsia Liu, Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Yun Wang, and Yu-Li Liu. 2019. "Serum Level and Activity of Butylcholinesterase: A Biomarker for Post-Stroke Dementia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11: 1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111778